EVALUATION OF THE LOOPING FORMATION AND PAIN DURING INSERTION INTO THE CECUM IN COLONOSCOPY

Introduction: One of the causes of pain during insertion of the colonoscope is stretching of the mesenterium by loop formation. The degree of pain differs according to the type of loop formation. Our aims were to study the accuracy of the colonoscopist’s assessment of the presence and type of loop formation and to study the degree of pain in relation to the type of loop by administering the visual analog scale (VAS). Methods: Two hundred and fifty‐seven consecutive patients were enrolled. All procedures were performed by two experienced colonoscopists who were blind to magnetic endoscope imaging view. After the colonoscopy, the colonoscopist was asked to assess the presence and type of loop formation. The degree of pain was assessed using the VAS. Results: The accuracy of estimating N loop, alpha loop, absence of loop formation and U loop was each over 70%. The accuracy of estimating gamma and splenic loop was significantly lower than the accuracy of estimating U loop. Colonoscopy was significantly more painful in women than in men. The degree of pain was significantly higher upon formation of reverse alpha loop and gamma and splenic loop than upon formation of N loop and U loop. Conclusions: Upon formation of reverse alpha loop or gamma and splenic loop, patients experienced more pain and it was difficult for the endoscopists to assess these loops. As women had severe pain compared with men, the use of a pediatric colonoscope or higher dosage of sedation in women should be considered.     

Labman and Linkman: A data management system specifically designed for genome searches of complex diseases

Two programs have been developed to manage linkage analysis data. The first program, LABMAN, is a comprehensive laboratory data management system organizing pedigrees, blood DNA samples, DNA markers, Southern blot or polyacrylamide gels, autoradiographs, and marker-allele typings generated from these samples. Output includes mendelization checks for genetic incompatibilities in typings and formatted files ready for linkage analysis. LABMAN can also compress highly polymorphic allele systems into smaller allele systems facilitating analysis of large systems. The second program, LINKMAN, provides data management for lod score output from linkage analyses. It reads linkage analysis output files, calculates lod scores by family, associates lod scores with specific marker and family identifiers, and stores these data in a database where they can be combined with lod scores from previous analyses. LINKMAN easily incorporates any of a wide variety of genetic models. It produces formatted output of lod scores by user-specified criteria for reports or as ASCII files for input to other programs. If desired, tests of homogeneity of linkage across families can be run via the HOMOG program [Ott, 1991] and their output included in reports. The programs include features critical for conducting genome searches of complex diseases: They are easy-to-use, well-tested, and reliable. Data from multi-center investigations can be easily combined for analysis. Moreover, they include extensive error-checking capabilities, and they are specifically set up to protect blindness between laboratory workers and data analysts. LABMAN and LINKMAN are currently available free of charge under DOS. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

清热化瘀Ⅱ号方对急性缺血性中风患者神经功能及中医证候评分的影响

目的通过观察清热化瘀Ⅱ号方对缺血性中风患者神经功能缺损评分、中医证候评分的影响,评价其对急性缺血性中风的中医证候疗效。方法选取急性缺血性中风患者72例,随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组36例。在常规治疗基础上,治疗组予清热化瘀Ⅱ号方治疗,对照组予天丹通络胶囊治疗,从K患者入院并筛选分组后开始给药,两组均治疗2周,观察并比较治疗前后两组患者神经功能缺损的评分、中医证候疗效及中医证候证候积分值。结果两组治疗前神经功能缺损评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,治疗后治疗组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。中医证候疗效总有效率治疗组为91.18%,对照组为71.43%,治疗组优于对照组（P〈0.05）,且治疗组中医证候积分减少明显优于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论清热化瘀Ⅱ号方可明显改善急性缺血性中风患者神经功能缺损评分及中医证候评分。     

Prognosis Scores of Tokuhashi and Tomita for Patients With Spinal Metastases of Renal Cancer

Background Retrospective evaluation of the prognosis scores of Tokuhashi and Tomita for life expectancy in 37 consecutive patients with spinal metastases secondary to renal cancer who underwent surgery. The score of Tokuhashi, composed of six parameters, each rated from zero to two, has been proposed in 1990 for the prognostic assessment of patients with spinal metastases. In 2001, Tomita et al. created another prognostic score, composed of three parameters, growth behaviour of the primary tumor (slow, moderate and rapid) and the evidence of visceral and bony metastases. Methods Thirty-seven patients, surgically treated for vertebral metastases secondary to renal cancer were studied. The scores according to Tokuhashi and Tomita were calculated for each patient. Results Applying the Tokuhashi Score for the estimation of life expectancy of renal cancer patients with vertebral metastases was found to provide very reliable results with a statistically high significance. The analysis according to Tomita showed no correlation between predicted and real survival. The statistical analysis did not show any significance. Conclusion For surgical decisions in renal cancer patients with spinal metastases, the prognostic score of Tokuhashi appears to be much more valuable than the Tomita score.     

Are all ICUs the same?

The ability to compare intensive care units (ICUs) and determine whether they provide the same level of care with regard to efficacy, efficiency, and quality is a cornerstone of understanding critical care and improving the quality of that care. Without collecting high-quality data, adjusted for severity of illness and analyzed in a comparative fashion, it would not be possible to describe best practices objectively, to identify which ICUs are doing a good job or to learn from those units that are. This review article discusses how and why ICUs are compared. Particular attention is focused on the severity of illness scores, standardized mortality, and comparative reporting. A data collecting network, Virtual Pediatric Systems, limited liability corporation (VPS, LLC), designed for the purposes of determining where differences in critical care can be identified and the value that this adds in improving quality is discussed. Finally, results from this large data sharing collaborative describing the practice of pediatric critical care are included for the purpose of pediatric intensive care units practice benchmarks.     

Role of Epidural and Patient-Controlled Analgesia in Site-Specific Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery

Background and Objectives:

Limited data are available comparing epidural and patient-controlled analgesia in site-specific colorectal surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate 2 modes of analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic right colectomy (RC) and low anterior resection (LAR).

Methods:

Prospectively collected data on 433 patients undergoing laparoscopic or laparoscopic-assisted colon surgery at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed from March 2004 to February 2009. Patients were divided into groups undergoing RC (n = 175) and LAR (n = 258). These groups were evaluated by use of analgesia: epidural analgesia, “patient-controlled analgesia” alone, and a combination of both. Demographic and perioperative outcomes were compared.

Results:

Epidural analgesia was associated with a faster return of bowel function, by 1 day (P < .001), in patients who underwent LAR but not in the RC group. Delayed return of bowel function was associated with increased operative time in the LAR group (P = .05), patients with diabetes who underwent RC (P = .037), and patients after RC with combined analgesia (P = .011). Mean visual analogue scale pain scores were significantly lower with epidural analgesia compared with patient-controlled analgesia in both LAR and RC groups (P < .001).

Conclusion:

Epidural analgesia was associated with a faster return of bowel function in the laparoscopic LAR group but not the RC group. Epidural analgesia was superior to patient-controlled analgesia in controlling postoperative pain but was inadequate in 28% of patients and needed the addition of patient-controlled analgesia.     

麦肯基疗法联合骨盆倾斜腰椎牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床研究

目的分析麦肯基疗法联合骨盆倾斜腰椎牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法选取符合入选条件的腰椎间盘突出症患者80例,采用随机双盲对照试验(疗效评估者与患者对治疗不知情),将患者随机分为试验组(40例)和对照组(40例)。试验组患者接受麦肯基疗法联合骨盆倾斜腰椎牵引治疗,而治疗组仅采取单纯麦肯基疗法治疗。分别评估治疗前、1个疗程和3个疗程后患者的中医病证诊断疗效和视觉模拟评分(VAS)。结果 (1)1个疗程后,试验组的治疗有效率为60%,而对照组为55%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);而3个疗程后,试验组的治疗有效率(82.5%)要远高于对照组(62.5%),且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)1和3个疗程后,试验组和对照组患者VAS评分相对治疗前,均有明显改善,且试验组的改善程度均明显优于对照组。结论麦肯基疗法联合骨盆倾斜腰椎牵引在腰椎间盘突出症治疗后期能够更有效地改善腰椎间盘突出症患者的症状和功能,值得临床推广。     

髓内钉内固定术治疗肱骨近端骨折32例疗效观察

目的回顾性分析髓内钉内固定术治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床疗效。方法选取Neer分型二部分、三部分的肱骨近端骨折患者32例,均采用髓内钉内固定术治疗且获得完整随访。记录患者的手术时间、术中出血量,术后末次随访时的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、肩关节主动活动范围、骨折愈合情况、愈合时间、骨折愈合后颈干角的大小及术后并发症,通过Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分进行疗效评价。结果 32例患者平均手术时间为(89.68±19.19) min,术中平均出血量为(83.83±28.09) m L,术中无腋神经或桡神经损伤;术后末次随访时所有患者骨折均获得骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间为(7.28±1.25)个月,愈合后肱骨颈干角(126±4.27)°,末次随访时VAS评分(1.37±0.68)分,肩关节前屈上举(143.66±24.65)°、外展上举(133.37±21.58)°、内旋(47.63±9.68)°、外旋(21.21±4.28)°,Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分(81.74±3.21)分。疗效评定结果优4例,良21例,可4例,差3例,优良率为78.13%。随访过程中3例患者发...     

5A护理模式在行胸腔镜肺癌根治术肺癌患者中的应用效果

目的:观察5A护理模式在行胸腔镜肺癌根治术肺癌患者中的应用效果。方法:选取126例行胸腔镜肺癌根治术肺癌患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组与研究组各63例。对照组采用常规护理,研究组在对照组基础上采用5A护理模式,比较两组护理前后肺功能指标[每分钟最大通气量(MVV)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)]水平、生命质量评分、疼痛评分和并发症发生率。结果:护理后,研究组MVV、FEV1、FVC水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组KPS评分高于对照组,VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组并发症发生率为3.17%,明显低于对照组的14.28%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在常规护理基础上采用5A护理模式可提高行胸腔镜肺癌根治术肺癌患者的肺功能指标水平和KPS评分,降低VAS评分和并发症发生率,其效果优于单纯常规护理。     

急性疼痛前列腺素与VAS疼痛评分的相关性研究

目的:观察由于手术造成组织损伤所致急性疼痛的程度与前列腺素水平是否相关。方法:选择ASAI~II级的择期妇科手术病人80例,随机分为:前列腺素抑制组(K组,n=40),无前列腺素抑制组(N组,n=40)。两组患者均分别于手术开始前5min静脉给予酮洛酸(Ketorolac)30mg及等容积生理盐水,而后均在手术结束时(t1)、术后4h(t2)和术后24h(t3)抽取静脉血2mL,采用放免法测定血浆6-Keto-PGF1а浓度;并在术后4h、24h进行镇痛效果评价(VAS评分)。结果:①N组各时间点血浆6-Keto-PGF1а浓度明显高于K组,有统计学意义;②N组各时间点VAS疼痛评分明显高于K组,有统计学意义。结论:手术创伤所致疼痛与机体前列腺素水平具有明显相关性,抑制前列腺素水平可以有效控制术后疼痛。