Laparoscopic findings in female genital tuberculosis

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the laparoscopic findings in genital tuberculosis (TB). METHODS: A total of 85 women of genital TB, who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy for infertility or chronic pelvic pain were enrolled in this retrospective study conducted in our unit at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India from September 2004 to 2007. RESULTS: The mean age was 28.2 years and the mean parity was 0.24. Most women were from poor socioeconomic status (68.1%). Past history of TB was seen in 29 (34.1%) women with pulmonary TB in 19 (22.35%) women and extrpulmonary in 10 (11.7%) women. Most women presented with infertility (90.6% primary 72.9%; secondary 17.6%) while the rest had chronic pelvic pain (9.4%). The mean duration of infertility was 6.2 years. A total of 49 (57.6%) women had normal menses, while hypomenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea and menorrhagia were seen in 25 (30.1%), 3 (3.5%), 5 (5.9%), and 2 (2.4%) women respectively. Diagnosis of genital TB was made by histopathological evidence of TB granuloma in 16 (18.8%) (Endometrial biopsy in 12.9%, laparoscopy biopsy in 5.9%) women, demonstration of acid fast bacilli (AFB) on microscopy in 2(2.3%), positive AFB culture in 2 (2.3%), positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 55 (64.7%) and laparoscopic findings of genital TB in 40 (47.1%). The various findings on laparoscopy were tubercles on peritoneum (12.9%) or ovary (1.2%), tubovarian masses (7.1%), caseous nodules (5.8%), encysted ascitis in 7.1% women. Various grades of pelvic adhesions were seen in 56(65.8%) women. The various findings on fallopian tubes were normal looking tubes in (7.1%), inability to visualize in 12(14.1%), presence of tubercles on tubes in 3 (3.52%), caseous granuloma in 3 (3.52%), hydrosalpinx in 15 (17.6%) (Right tube 11.7%, left tube 5.9%), pyosalphinx in 3 (3.5%) on right tube and 2 (2.35%) in left tube, beaded tube in 3 (3.5%) on right tube, 4 (4.7%) in left tube with tobacco pouch appearance in 2 (2.35%) women. The right tube was patent in 9 (10.6%) while left tube was patent in 10(11.7%) cases only, while they were either not seen (absent in one case due to previous salphingectomy, inability to see due to adhesion in 14.12%) or blocked at various sites with cornual end being most common in 3 (3.5%) showing multiple block in right tube and 4.7% in left tube. CONCLUSION: There is a significant pelvic morbidity and tubal damage in genital tuberculosis.     

滨州市2001～2010年肺结核发病情况及DOTS策略实施的效果

目的了解滨州市《规划》实施情况,评价DOTS策略的执行效果。方法通过对2001年～2010年登记管理的病人,以病人登记本、月报、季报和年报为来源,进行患病登记率、流行特征、DOTS策略执行情况进行分析。结果 2001年～2010年登记患病率为35.65/10万,新涂阳登记率24.39/10万;治愈率为92.07%;避免63 164人感染结核菌,避免5 667人发病。结论滨州市积极推行现代结核病控制策略,结核病人的发现率和治愈率显著提高。     

Fluorescent Identification and Detection of Staphylococcus aureus with Carboxymethyl Chitosan/CdS Quantum Dots Bioconjugates

A fast and sensitive method based on fluorescent carboxymethyl chitosan/CdS quantum dots (CMCS–CdS QDs) composites was developed for specific detection of Staphylococcus aureus in food and the environment. Fluorescent CMCS–CdS QDs were prepared in aqueous solution through a green method. A human immunoglobulin (IgG) antibody was then bioconjugated to the QDs in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3)-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to make a novel type of mono-dispersed water-soluble fluorescent bioprobes. The fluorescent bioprobes were employed to identify S. aureus by incubating them with the bacteria for a certain time and observing the marked cells under fluorescence microscopy after removing free fluorescent QDs. Fluorescence microscopy images showed the S. aureus cells were successfully recognized by the bioprobes. Several other bacteria commonly found in environment such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were also incubated with the bioprobes to test their specificity. It was found that the novel QDs–CMCS–IgG bioprobes had specific identification to S. aureus cells. Fluorescence measurement using a luminescence spectrometer could be applied to quantify S. aureus cells. The fluorescence intensity of the samples at 600 nm was proportional to the cell concentration in the range of 10³–10⁷ cfu/ml, and the detection limit was as low as 900 cfu/ml. Considering the simplicity and cost-efficiency of this method, its application in the identification and quantification of bacteria in clinical, food and environmental samples is anticipated.     

影响富阳市农村DOTS病人依从性的因素

20世纪末,由于宏观控制措施的松懈、耐药率的上升及HIV病毒合并感染等众多因素的共同作用下,使结核病疫情再次上升。不正规治疗导致耐药率上升是结核病疫情难以控制的主要原因。直接面视下行短程化疗(DOTS)能有效地解决不正规治疗的问题,也是目前控制结核病疫情最为经济有效的管理手段。富阳市自2004年6月开始对所有新登记涂阳初治病人实行DOTS管理,采用卫生部推荐的短程抗痨方案,病人在村卫生室接受直接面视下免费服药。为了解、确定DOTS病人不合作原因及确定可能影响依从性的因素,掌握不合作者为什么不愿按时到村卫生室服药的原因以…     

Effectiveness of a community-based observation of anti-tuberculosis treatment in Bangalore City,India, 2010-2011

Setting:

The Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme in an urban setting of Bangalore City, India.

Objectives:

To compare treatment outcomes and smear conversion rates among new smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) patients undergoing treatment administered by community directly observed treatment (DOT) providers with those undergoing treatment administered by institutional DOT providers in Bangalore City in 2010-2011.

Method:

Cohort study of routine data recorded from treatment cards of TB patients undergoing treatment under the public health services from 1 October 2010 to 30 September 2011.

Result:

Treatment records of 1864 new smear-positive TB patients registered during this period were evaluated. Among those evaluated, 604 (32%) had been administered treatment by community DOT providers and the remainder by institutional DOT providers. The treatment success rate in those undergoing community DOT was 93% (n = 564) and that of those undergoing institutional DOT was 75% (n = 951; RR 1.23, 95%CI 1.19-1.28). The sputum smear conversion rate of patients who underwent community DOT was 92% and that of those who underwent institutional DOT was 71% at the end of 2 months.

Conclusion:

We conclude that community DOT for treatment supervision of TB patients is more effective than institutional DOT and that it should be reinforced.     

盐城市亭湖区2002-2009年肺结核病人的发现与报告情况分析

盐城市亭湖区常住人口80万、流动人口20万,下辖7个建制镇、8个街道、1个开发区、113个行政村、78个社区居委会,辖区内非农业人口占76.34%.近年来,随着区域的调整,城市框架的拉大,城区肺结核病防治的工作任务越来越繁重,我们在坚持肺结核病归口管理的基础上,不断改进工作方法,加强与综合性医疗机构的合作,提高了肺结核病人的发现率和报告率.现将2002-2009年我区肺结核病人的发现与报告情况分析如下.     

2004～2006年门源县结核病控制效果分析

目的:评价我县结核病控制工作成效。方法:主要采用因症就诊、线索调查等方式发现病人,免费提供抗结核药物,按照规定的化疗方案对病人采用全程督导管理(DOTS)策略治疗,根据结核病门诊登记本、实验室登记本、季报表和督导调查等资料进行效果分析。结果:2004年-2006年共接诊可疑结核病人1493人、拍片1332人、查痰1358人、查痰率90.90%,查出活动性肺结核383人,其中涂阳283人、涂阳病人检出率为20.84%,涂阳病人年龄组以25-64岁为最多,涂阳病人化疗满2个月阴转率为87.68%,满全疗程涂阳病人284例中治愈263例,治愈率为92.61%,其中初治涂阳治愈率为93.50%,复治涂阳治愈率为85.69%。全程督导管理数满全疗程结核病人284人,规则服药病人数279人,规则治疗率为98.23%。结论:结核病控制项目我县已取得较好成效,今后应加强结核病DOTS管理,规范治疗,就能够有效控制我县结核病发病。     

自贡市结核病患者依从性现状及影响因素调查

目的 通过对结核病患者的依从性进行调查,分析其影响因素,提出更具针对性的提高结核患者依从性的干预措施建议.方法 由调查人员逐题对四川省自贡市4区2县结核病归口治疗点2010年收治接受国家免费检查和治疗3个月以上全部144名患者进行询问,并填写调查表.结果 单因素分析的结果显示影响调查对象的治疗依从性的因素有是否复治、是否认为症状消失后就可以停止服药(P＜0.05);影响调查对象的用药依从性的因素有文化程度,完成全程治疗的信念,对主治医生服务是否满意,对治疗时间满意程度,对单次治疗费用满意程度和对治疗效果的满意程度(P＜0.05).多因素分析结果显示初次治疗患者的依从性较好(OR=0.290,P＜0.05),认为症状消失就可以停止服药的患者治疗依从性较差(OR =3.035);文化程度较高的患者用药依从性差(OR=0.275)和不明白医生意思的患者依从性差(OR =0.116).结论 结核病防治中需注意通过多种途径增强患者的治疗信心,加强对复治患者健康教育.必须尽快开展DOTS,并有必要通过社区动员、家庭健康教育和对医生的培训等途径加强结核病治疗的社会支持.     

长沙市天心区2005-2009年实施DOTS策略防治结核病的成本效益分析

目的对2005-2009年长沙市天心区实施结核病控制项目的成本-效益进行分析,为该区下一步制定结核病防控策略提供理论依据。方法对2005-2009年天心区结核病防治中投入的经费、病人发现、治疗等情况进行分析。结果 5年间共投入经费70.28万元;发现肺结核病人1 214例,其中初治涂阳病人364人,复治涂阳病人43人,初治涂阴病人807人,节约治疗费用152.67万元;可减少3 230～4 845人受结核菌的感染,减少161.5～242.25人成为活动性肺结核病人;治愈病人,可减少误工损失28.75万元,减少成为新活动性肺结核病人可减少的误工费14.38万～21.56万元;治愈病人可挽回QALYs 3 404.1年,挽回GDP6 876.28万元;减少成为新活动性肺结核病人,可挽回QALYs1 702.0～2 553.1年,挽回GDP3 438.04万～5 157.26万元。结论 2005-2009年间天心区结核病防治工作实现了低成本、高效益,符合疾病控制与卫生经济学成本-效益原则。     

2005～2010年安顺市结核病人管理情况分析

[目的]探讨安顺市结核病防治工作中存在的问题,寻找解决措施。[方法]对2005～2010年安顺市肺结核病例资料进行分析。[结果]2005～2010年,合计发现肺结核病例17 752例,其中涂阳病例7 327例,占41.27%,涂阳肺结核病人登记率为49.12/10万。2005～2010年合计接诊可疑症状者27 124例,因症主动就诊占45.58%,转诊占21.87%、追踪占26.59%、因病推荐占2.23%。合计查痰17 752例,查痰率为65.45%,初治涂阳病例2月末、3月末的痰菌阴转率分别为96.25%、87.73%,复治涂阳病例2月末、3月末的痰菌阴转率分别为92.09%、93.91%;17 752例病人中,治愈12 987例,治愈率为73.16%,其中初治涂阳治愈率为72.55%,复治涂阳治愈率为79.44%(P<0.01),活动性肺结核、初治涂阳病例及复治涂阳病例治愈率呈逐年上升趋势。[结论]2005～2007年安顺市肺结核病例发现呈上升趋势,2008年后呈下降趋势。