SGLT2 inhibition increases serum copeptin in young adults with type 1 diabetes

AimsCopeptin, a surrogate of vasopressin, is elevated in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and predicts kidney disease and cardiovascular mortality. Given the cardiorenal protective effects of SGLT2 inhibition (SGLT2i), our aim was to examine: 1) the relationship between serum copeptin, metabolic, renal and systemic hemodynamic parameters in adults with T1D; and 2) serum copeptin after SGLT2i with empagliflozin.Materials and methodsIn this post-hoc, exploratory analysis, serum copeptin, glomerular filtration rate (GFR_Inulin), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF_PAH), plasma renin angiotensin aldosterone system markers, HbA_1c, 24-hour urine volume and sodium excretion were measured in 40 participants with T1D (24.3 ± 5.1 years) during eu- and hyperglycaemia before and after 8 weeks of 25 mg of daily empagliflozin.ResultsHigher baseline copeptin correlated with higher HbA_1c, lower 24-hour urine volume and sodium excretion, after correcting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, and HbA_1c. Copeptin concentrations increased in response to empagliflozin under euglycaemia (4.1 ± 2.1 to 5.1 ± 2.8 pmol/L, P = 0.0053) and hyperglycaemia (3.3 ± 1.4 to 5.6 ± 2.8 pmol/L, P < 0.0001). The rise in copeptin in response to empagliflozin correlated with change in 24-hour urine volume, but was independent of changes in fractional excretion of sodium and haematocrit.ConclusionsElevated serum copeptin was associated with worse glycaemic control and lower diuresis and natriuresis. SGLT2i increased serum copeptin in adults with T1D, and the rise correlated with change in diuresis, but not natriuresis and hemo-concentration. Further work is required to evaluate the clinical implications of elevated copeptin with SGLT2i, including whether it is simply a marker of diuresis or may contribute to cardiorenal disease long-term.     

血浆和肽素浓度与脑出血早期血肿扩大的相关分析

目的 揭示血浆和肽素浓度对脑出血早期血肿扩大的预测价值.方法选取106脑出血患者和106例健康体检者,采用ELISA法检测血浆和肽素浓度,记录血肿扩大病例,统计分析血浆和肽素浓度与血肿扩大的相关性.结果经t检验,脑出血患者血浆和肽素浓度（470.24±172.05）pg/mL较健康体检者（62.76±24.77）pg/ml显著升高（P〈0.01）.经Spearman相关分析,脑出血患者血浆和肽素浓度与血肿量（r=0.58,P〈0.01）和格拉斯哥昏迷评分（r=-0.57,P〈0.01）显著相关性.本组脑出血病例发生血肿扩大 32例（30.19%）.二分类Logistic回归分析显示,入院时血浆和肽素浓度是血肿扩大的独立危险因素（OR=1.22,95%CI=1.10~2.91,P〈0.01）.ROC曲线分析显示,血浆和肽素浓度显著预测血肿扩大（曲线下面积=0.86,95%CI=0.78~0.92,P〈0.01）,且血浆和肽素浓度大于414.03 pg/mL,对预测血肿扩大有87.50%的灵敏度和67.57%的特异度.结论血浆和肽素浓度与脑出血早期血肿扩大密切相关.     

Maternal and umbilical cord copeptin levels in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare maternal and fetal serum copeptin concentrations in pregnancies complicated by isolated fetal growth restriction (FGR), and uncomplicated pregnancies, and to investigate relationships between copeptin levels and clinical parameters.

Methods: Maternal and fetal serum copeptin levels were measured in 21 women with pregnancies complicated by isolated FGR and 20 women with normal pregnancies (control group). Doppler assessment of the uterine and umbilical arteries was performed in each patient.

Results: Maternal serum copeptin levels were significantly higher in women with isolated FGR compared to controls (p?=?0.042). In addition, maternal copeptin levels were inversely correlated with the uterine artery pulsatility and resistance indices and positively correlated with neonatal birth weight. Umbilical vein copeptin levels were significantly increased in neonates with adverse outcomes (p?=?0.001).

Conclusions: Increased maternal copeptin concentration may reflect a response to stress, thus serving as a compensatory mechanism in pregnancies complicated by FGR.     

急性中毒患者血浆和肽素检测的临床意义

目的探讨和肽素检测对急性中毒患者病情评估的价值。方法 ELISA法检测175例急性中毒患者(中毒组)和30例健康志愿者(对照组)血浆和肽素含量,予急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分系统(APACHE)Ⅱ评分。记录患者30d病死率,比较死亡组和存活组血浆和肽素水平及APACHEⅡ评分。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血浆和肽素水平及APACHEⅡ评分对患者死亡的预测价值。结果 (1)死亡组患者血浆和肽素水平及APACHEⅡ评分高于对照组和存活组(P<0.01),血浆和肽素水平与APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关(r=0.71,P<0.01)。(2)血浆和肽素水平和APACHEⅡ评分的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.748和0.665,95%可信区间分别为0.649-0.847和0.528-0.801。(3)血浆和肽素水平分界值为18.5pmol/L时,其预测死亡的灵敏度为81.0%,特异度为35.1%;APACHEⅡ评分分界值为7.5分时,其预测死亡的灵敏度为66.7%,特异度为44.8%。结论急性中毒患者血浆和肽素水平升高。联合血浆和肽素水平检测和APACHEⅡ评分有助于评估急性中毒患者的预后。     

The potential value of Copeptin and Pentraxin3 for evaluating the severity of coronary stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease

IntroductionCoronary artery disease (CAD) is an ischemic heart disease due to the narrowing of the coronary arteries resulting from atherosclerosis. Blood biomarkers have been well utilized for the diagnosis and prognosis of CAD. However, the value of biomarkers for evaluating coronary atherosclerosis remains to be clarified. This clinical investigation aimed to explore the potential value of biomarkers for evaluating the severity of coronary stenosis in CAD patients.MethodsThe extent of coronary atherosclerosis was accessed by the angiography-based quantitative measurement Gensini score (GS). Blood levels of Brain natriuretic peptide, Copeptin (CPP), Phosphodiesterase 9A, and Pentraxin3 (PTX3) were measured in 56 patients divided into three levels as low GS (n = 17), intermediate GS (n = 19) and high GS (n = 20) based on GS tertiles.ResultsWe found that plasma concentrations of CPP and PTX3 were significantly elevated in patients with high GS compared with the low GS group. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis showed that CPP and PTX3 were positively correlated with the GS. Furthermore, Receiver operating characteristics analysis demonstrated that both CPP and PTX3 exhibited discriminative capacities for evaluating the extent of coronary stenosis.ConclusionsLaboratory tests of CPP and PTX3 via non-invasive means may provide novel information for risk stratification and disease management in CAD patients before invasive angiographic approaches. This study opens the door for enormous opportunities to explore new biomarkers with better efficiency, sensitivity and specificity as alternative/additional methods for evaluating the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in CAD patients in future research.     

急性中毒心肌损伤早期检测和肽素与缺血修饰白蛋白的临床价值

目的：探讨急性中毒心肌损伤早期检测和肽素与缺血修饰白蛋白（ IMA）的临床意义。方法将急性中毒3 h内患者255例,根据是否存在心肌损伤分为心肌损伤组160例（其中轻度30例、中度60例、重度70例）和非心肌损伤组95例,另选健康体检者50例作为对照组。比较3组心肌酶、心肌肌钙蛋白 I（ cTnI）、和肽素、IMA 水平。结果心肌损伤组、非心肌损伤组患者和肽素水平明显高于对照组（P＜0．05）,且心肌损伤组明显高于非心肌损伤组（P＜0．05）,重度组高于心肌损伤轻、中度组（P＜0．05）;心肌损伤组IMA水平明显低于对照组和非心肌损伤组（P＜0．05）,重度组低于心肌损伤轻、中度组（P＜0．05）。心肌损伤组、非心肌损伤组、对照组肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、cTnI水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。心肌损伤重度组患者cTnI水平明显高于轻、中度组（P＜0．05）,但轻、中度两组间cTnI水平比较无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。心肌损伤轻、中、重度组患者CK、CK-MB比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。心肌损伤组患者和肽素与IMA水平呈负相关（r＝－0．603,P＜0．01）。结论和肽素、IMA水平可在早期反映急性中毒性心肌损伤程度并评估预后转归情况。     

活血通脉胶囊对冠心病心血瘀阻证患者血浆小分子代谢产物的调节研究

目的：观察活血通脉胶囊对冠心病心血瘀阻证患者血浆小分子代谢产物的调节作用。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,选择2009年1月至2013年12月在天津市大港地区就诊的136例冠心病心血瘀阻证患者,按简单随机抽样方法分成两组。对照组（68例）采用硝酸酯类、β受体阻滞剂、钙离子拮抗剂及肠溶阿司匹林等常规疗法;活血通脉胶囊组（68例）在常规治疗基础上给予活血通脉胶囊,每次4粒（每粒0.25 g）,每日3次,30 d为1个疗程,共3个疗程。评定两组治疗后临床疗效和心电图疗效;采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血浆和肽素、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）及白细胞介素-10（IL-10）水平,计算TNF-α/IL-10比值。结果活血通脉胶囊组临床疗效及心电图疗效均明显高于对照组〔临床总有效率：89.71%（61/68）比80.88%（55/68）;心电图总有效率：57.35%（39/68）比48.53%（33/68）,均P＜0.05〕。两组治疗后和肽素及TNF-α/IL-10比值均较治疗前明显降低,且以活血通脉胶囊组降低更显著〔和肽素（ng/L）：0.22±0.04比0.31±0.05,TNF-α/IL-10比值：0.49±0.11比0.65±0.09,均P＜0.05〕。结论在常规疗法基础上加用活血通脉胶囊能通过降低和肽素水平及TNF/IL-10比值来改善冠心病心血瘀阻证患者的治疗效果。     

Copeptin and cardiovascular disease: A review of a novel neurohormone

Neurohormones (NHs) in the cascade of the arginine vasopressin (AVP) system have drawn particular attention in the recent years. Copeptin, the C-terminal portion of provasopressin, is a novel NH of the AVP system, and is known to be co-released with AVP from hypothalamus (neurohypophysis). As a surrogate marker of the AVP system, copeptin has gradually replaced AVP in several clinical studies largely due to its structural and methodological advantages. Copeptin has been regarded as a marker of non-specific stress response, and has also been suggested to have clinical implications in a variety of non-cardiovascular (pneumonia, sepsis, etc.) and cardiovascular conditions (heart failure and acute coronary syndromes (ACSs, etc.)). However, current data on relation of copeptin with other cardiovascular conditions ( arrhythmias, etc.) are still insufficient. The present review primarily focuses on general features of copeptin, its general clinical implications, and specifically aims to cover its potential clinical value in a variety of cardiovascular conditions.