Dorsal inlay graft urethroplasty for primary hypospadiac repair

OBJECTIVE: Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty has become a popular technique for repairing distal and proximal hypospadias in many institutions. Dorsal inlay graft urethroplasty has been used in our institution since 2003 to reduce the risk of meatal stenosis. In the present study, we evaluated the results of the dorsal inlay graft procedure. METHODS: A total of 28 patients with no deep groove and no severe curvature underwent one-stage urethroplasty using an inner preputial-based dorsal inlay graft. The medical records of all patients were retrospectively reviewed with regard to complication rate and cosmetic appearance. RESULTS: Mean patient age at surgery was 21 months (range, 14 months to 4.6 years). Preoperatively the urethral meatus was coronal in two cases, distal shaft in 17, proximal shaft in six and penoscrotal in three. Nine patients required testosterone therapy before surgery. Mean operative time was 200 min (range, 154-249 min). Mean length of inlay graft was 20.9 mm (range, 12-30 mm). In all patients, a straight penis was achieved without dorsal plication of the corposa cavernosa, and the neomeatus with a slit-like appearance was positioned at the glans tip. At a mean of 22 months of follow up, a urethrocutaneous fistula developed in only one patient (3.6%), requiring repair surgery 6 months after urethroplasty. No patient had meatal stenosis, neourethral stricture or urethral diverticulum along the inlay graft. CONCLUSION: Dorsal inlay graft urethroplasty is an effective method for hypospadiac repair and leads to good cosmetic outcome with low risk of complications.     

Complex urethral disruptions: In pursuit of a successful reconstruction

OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the methods and outcomes of urethroplasty in men with complex urethral disruptions. METHODS: The medical records of 40 men with complex urethral disruptions were analyzed. Surgical methods were individualized according to stricture location, severity and length of the stricture, bladder neck characteristics and presence of complicating factors. Patients were divided into four groups based on the above characteristics. RESULTS: End-to-end urethroplasty performed in six patients with short bulbar strictures (<3 cm) was successful in all. Elaborated perineal repair was performed in 10 patients with intermediate (3-6 cm) strictures with or without complicating factors. Elaborated perineal repair with urethral substitution was performed in nine patients with long segment stricture (>6 cm). Abdominal transpubic repair was successfully applied to patients with rectourethral fistula or lacerated bladder neck. Success rate of anastomotic urethroplasty was 95% while over all success rate was 85%. CONCLUSION: Guidelines for urethral reconstruction of complex urethral disruptions are predicated on stricture length, location, bladder neck characteristics and associated complicating factors. End-to-end urethroplasty with stricture excision is highly reliable for short strictures for which previous operative repair have failed. Elaborated perineal repair is extremely versatile for intermediate and longer strictures with associated complicating factors. Abdominal transpubic urethroplasty is effective for patients with rectourethral fistula or lacerated bladder neck.     

Uveal effusion syndrome

The history and clinical findings are presented of a patient who suffered from the uveal effusion syndrome over a 10-year period from 1956. The funduscopic appearance is illustrated both at the time of initial presentation and 36 years later. This condition typically affects healthy middle-aged men and causes recurrent, spontaneous, serous retinal and ciliochoroidal detachments, often resulting in significant visual impairment. Two separate hypotheses have been postulated to explain the pathogenesis of the uveal effusion syndrome, one relating to abnormally thickened sclera, the other to chronic bulbar hypotony. Both are discussed, as is the rationale behind the current management of this unusual condition.     

Single-stage repair of severe hypospadias using bladder mucosa graft

Our experience of single-stage repair of severe hypospadias (penoscrotal, scrotal, and perineal) in 30 children using urinary bladder mucosa for urethroplasty is reported. These children had severe chordee, small prepuce, and often ventral transposition of the penis with bifid scrotum where Devine and Horton, Asopa, or Duckett techniques are not so suitable. The graft uptake was uniformly satisfactory. Ten patients had complications; most of the fistulae healed spontaneously. Surgical intervention was required in 2 cases only: 1 for a fistula and another for a stricture with fistula. Meatal stenosis, seen in 4 cases, led to delayed distal fistulae in 2, which healed spontaneously with meatal dilatation. Regular dilatation of the external meatus is recommended to prevent this problem.     

胃管作尿道支撑引流管在尿道下裂中的应用

目的 评价单纯用胃管兼作尿道支撑管和引流管在尿道下裂尿道成形术中的作用。方法 回顾性分析新华医院1997年12月～2004年12月间收治的先天性尿道下裂患者，在做尿道成形手术中单纯应用胃管作尿道支撑引流管1176例，年龄6个月-20岁。未进行膀胱造瘘等尿液改道引流方法。结果 术后因发生尿瘘而需再次尿道成形术的113例（9．6％），尿道狭窄需再次手术成形的8例（0．7％），尿道裂开需尿道再成形的5例（0．4％）。结论 在尿道下裂尿道成形术中单纯用胃管兼作尿道支撑管和引流管引流尿液是充分有效的，无须另行尿流改道。     

阴部外动脉阴茎支皮瓣尿道成形术的应用解剖

目的：为设计阴部外动脉阴茎皮瓣转位尿道成形术提供依据。方法：30侧经动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人尸体，解剖观测阴部外动脉起始、行程；着重阴部外动脉阴茎支在阴茎的走行、分支分布。结果：阴部外动脉始于股动脉，外径1．8±0．4mm，伴行静脉1-2支，汇入大隐静脉。阴茎支可视为本干的延续，经耻骨结节两侧靠近阴茎，分别经2(10)点、3(9)点和1(11)点进入阴茎，多数分出背侧支、腹侧支分布阴茎皮肤。外径0．8±0．2mm。结论：阴茎皮肤血管恒定，以阴茎支为蒂，可在阴茎外侧或背外侧、腹外侧设计皮瓣，用于尿道成形术。术式已在临床应用，效果满意。     

带蒂睾丸鞘膜瓣矫治尿道下裂的应用解剖及临床应用

通过25例男性成人尸体和30例手术切除的活体标本的解剖学研究,以精索外动脉为蒂,设计了带蒂睾丸鞘膜矫治尿道下裂新术式,鞘膜取材可达11×5cm。经20例临床应用,效果满意。     

Snodgrass术在治疗儿童尿道下裂中的应用

目的总结尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术（Snodgrass或TIP手术）在治疗儿童尿道下裂中的经验。方法回顾性分析采用Snodgrass手术治疗的尿道下裂82例,年龄6个月～10岁,平均5.25岁。其中近侧型组19例,远侧型和中段型组63例;初次手术组49例,再次手术组33例,对并发症发生情况进行分析。结果术后并发尿瘘12例,尿瘘发生率14.6%;尿道狭窄1例。其中尿瘘发生：近侧型组2例（10.5%）,远侧型和中段型组10例（15.9%）;初次手术组8例（16.3%）,再次手术组4例（12.1%）。尿瘘发生率,近侧型组与远侧型和中段型组、初次手术组与再次手术组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术后随访均在1个月以上,阴茎外观满意,尿道开口正位,排尿功能良好。结论 Snodgrass手术适用于无弯曲或伴有轻度弯曲的各型尿道下裂以及再手术者,术后具有阴茎外观好、尿道口正位垂直裂隙状、排尿功能良好、并发症低的优点,操作简便,易于推广。     

口腔黏膜及带蒂阴茎皮瓣用于前尿道狭窄患者尿道重建的疗效分析

目的 探讨利用口腔黏膜(下唇黏膜、舌黏膜)、带蒂阴茎皮瓣修复复杂前尿道狭窄的疗效及经验.方法 回顾性分析2012年8月至2018年5月我科收治的因各种原因引起的复杂性男性前尿道狭窄行口腔黏膜移植物或带蒂阴茎皮瓣修复治疗的33例患者资料.对于阴茎包皮组织预估不足、多段尿道狭窄或有尿道手术史的患者采用口腔黏膜移植物尿道成形...     

尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂32例临床分析

目的:探讨尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂的适应证、手术技巧、并发症。方法:对32例尿道下裂患者进行尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术,其中冠状沟型3例,阴茎体型27例,阴茎阴囊2例。首次手术29例,采用尿道板正中切开卷管;再次手术3例,采用残余尿道板或阴茎皮肤正中切开卷管。卷管长1～9 cm,新尿道采用F6～F10号的多侧孔胃管作为支架管,术后10～14 d拔除。结果:随访0.5～2年,32例中27例一次手术成功,阴茎外观接近生理形态,排尿正常,成功率84.4%。尿瘘4例,均行尿瘘修补术痊愈;尿瘘并尿道狭窄1例,尿道扩张后狭窄改善,尿瘘待手术。结论:尿道板纵切卷管尿道成形术操作简单,治疗效果好,术后阴茎外形美观,是尿道下裂修复术的较好方法。