急诊手术后危重老年患者不复苏指令确立的性别差异

急诊手术后部分老年患者病情危重至心肺复苏术无效而被给予“不复苏（DNR）”指令。最近美国科研人员研究了DNR指令及发病率和病死率的影响因素。他们对2000年1月1日后收住重症监护室（ICU）前接受了急诊手术的患者进行了前瞻性研究。研究指标包括年龄、性别、入院诊断、原始急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅲ（APACHEⅢ）和年龄修正的APACHEⅢ评分（aAⅢ）、DNR指令的发布、发病率及病死率。主要结果为DNR状态、发病率及病死率。研究按年龄（〉75岁和≤75岁）和性别进行分组，总计纳入了723例达到研究标准的急诊手术患者（消化道35．0％，创伤20．0％，神经系统17．0％）。92例患者（12．7％）被下达了DNR指令，病死率为82．6％。女性患者发生DNR状态较多（16．4％比9．5％，     

心肺脑复苏出院存活率影响因素分析

目的分析影响心肺脑复苏（CPCR）患者出院存活率因素。方法收集2004—05～2005—05固CPCR收入ICU患者临床资料，按照年龄、APACHEⅡ评分、心搏停止时间、发病地点、有无并发症、住院天数、基础疾病等分组，比较各组出院存活率。结果器质性心脏病患者存活率明显低于呼吸系统和其他疾病患者（P〈0．05），虽然其他因素（年龄、APACHEⅡ评分、心搏停止时间、发病地点、住院天数）对存活率有影响，但统计学差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论在诸多影响CPCR存活率因素中，基础疾病可能是最主要的因素。     

心跳骤停后的亚低温治疗进展

随着全球对心肺复苏认识的逐渐加深,人们对基础心肺复苏技术的掌握,心跳骤停患者自主循环恢复的成功率也越来越高,而高级生命支持和持续生命支持也就受到了更多的重视,中枢神经系统的功能恢复被认为是持续生命支持的核心。在中枢神经系统复苏尤其是脑复苏中,低温治疗已经逐渐成     

表达谱基因芯片筛选体外循环前后心肌细胞因子的变化

Objestive Systemic inflarmmation may be triggered by injury, hypothermia, ischemia-reperfusion and the contact of the blood with foreign body during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). To determine the application values of gene chip technique in the clinical practice and the study of cardiovascular stagery, as well as to provide clues to the study of inflammatory responess during CPB, microarry for gene expression profiles was used to identify the differences in the gene expression of myocardium between pre-and post- CPB. Methods Six adult patients who underwent CPB from March to May in 2003 were involved. Samples of right atrium were col- lected before and at immediate end of CPB. BD AtlasTM cDNA Expression Arrays was used to identify the differences in the gene ex- pression of cytokines. The results were compared with that of semi-quantative RT-PCR. Resellts The mean age of 6 patients (5 males and 1 female) was (32.67± 11.72) years. The baseline heart function was gradeⅡin 3 cases and grade Ⅲ in 3 other cases. The baseline left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)was (58.17±7.91)%. The mere duration was (91.67±43.88) minutes for CPB and was (58.67±43.46) minutes for aorta blocking. The minimum nasopharynx/rectal temperture was (29.37±1.90)℃/ (32.15±1.52)℃. Gene expression profiles of cytokines in the myocardium pre- and post-CPB were analysed successfully. The ex- pression of IL-6, IFN-γ,Wnt5a, TNFRSF1B, a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, PIGF and MFNG in the myo- cardium were unpregulated after CPB. Conclusion Microarray technique is applicable in the study of cytokines changes dying CPB. cDNA microarray identified pleliminarily the differences in the gene expression between pre- and post-CPB. These genes may be in- valved in inflammation and other psthophysiological responses incuced by CPB. The myocardiym is probably one of the major sources of cytokines during CPB. Further study may be helpful in understanding the llngthe development of inflammation during CPB, and eventually, reducing the post-operative complications.     

心肺复苏后血管紧张素Ⅱ与醛固酮分离现象及意义

目的探讨心肺复苏后患者血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅡ)与醛固酮(ALD)分离现象及其临床意义。方法以放射免疫法测定60例心肺复苏后患者(A组)和35例健康成年人(B组)血中皮质醇(COR)、AⅡ和ALD的含量。结果(1)A组的COR为(471.54±29.78)nmol/L、AⅡ(97.69±13.35)ng/L、ALD(261.03±34.13)pmol/L均分别显著高于B组的(411.52±21.94)nmol/L、(63.70±9.71)ng/L、(242.91±21.03)pmol/L(P<0.05)。(2)在60例心肺复苏后患者中,低ALD的发生率为35%(21/60),高ALD率为51.67%(31/60)。(3)低ALD组的平均动脉血压(42.26±11.93)mm Hg,非低ALD组(53.59±9.88)mm Hg(P<0.05);低ALD组器官衰竭个数(3.81±0.73)、病死率90.48%、快速型室上性心律失常发生率71.43%(16/21)、快速型室性心律失常61.91%(13/21),均分别高于非低ALD患者组[(2.55±0.69)、51.29%、46.16%和30.77%](P<0.05)。结论心肺复苏后患者中存在AⅡ-ALD分离现象并非罕见,而且病情更严重,预后更差,病死率高。     

13例老年患者因输液速度过快致急性肺水肿的原因分析及护理对策

老年病人因年龄的增大，心肺功能的衰退，病人在输液过程中如滴速过快，可造成急性肺水肿，从而危及患者的生命。在临床护理工作中，我们有必要对造成输液滴速过快的原因进行分析，从而制定相应的护理措施，确保老年患者的输液安全。     

体外循环对TXB2／6—keto—PGF1α的影响

对１３例体外循环病人进行了观察，发现体外循环后ＴＸＢ２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α显著增高，表明体外循环使血小板受损，而血小板受损是体外循环后失血的主要原因之一。     

心肺功能不全患者声带息肉摘除术的麻醉处理

目的探讨心、肺功能不全患者声带息肉摘除术的麻醉技术及合理用药。方法全麻以咪唑安定、依托咪酯、芬太尼诱导，以异丙酚维持麻醉，以维库溴铵维持肌松。术中监测BP、HR、SpO2。结果12例患者诱导及术中情况较为平稳，未发生麻醉并发症。结论充分的术前准备，合理的应用麻醉技术及药物，严谨的术中管理，可保证手术的顺利进行。     

“闪”亮眼睛动出来

您也许知道通过运动可以加强心肺功能．维持肌肉力量，却可能从未注意让眼睛进行运动。其实，我们的眼睛也需要运动，通过运动可以使眼睛变得炯炯有神。