Role of the Basal Ganglia in Category Learning: How Do Patients With Parkinson's Disease Learn?

The purpose of the present study was to gain a deeper understanding of the role of the basal ganglia in learning and memory by examining learning strategies among patients with basal ganglia dysfunction. Using a probabilistic category learning task (the "weather prediction" task) previously shown to be sensitive to basal ganglia function, the authors examined patterns of performance during learning and used mathematical models to capture different learning strategies. Results showed that patients with Parkinson's disease exhibit different patterns of strategy use. Specifically, most controls initially used a simple, but suboptimal, strategy that focused on single-cue-outcome associations; eventually, however, most controls adopted a more complex, optimal learning strategy, integrating single-cue associations to predict outcomes for multiple-cue stimuli. In contrast, the majority of individuals with Parkinson's disease continued to rely on simple single-cue learning strategies throughout the experiment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Structural variability and its relation to edaphic attributes of mangroves in the south‐west coast of India

We estimated the tree structural variables (density, frequency and basal area) of true mangroves and soil variables like particle size distribution, carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus, sulphur, nutrient cations (K, Na, Ca, Mg) of Cochin mangroves and examined the relationship between vegetation and environment. The study sites were classified as seaward fringe, riverine and interior. Of the thirteen true mangrove species present, Avicennia officinalis, Sonneratia caseolaris and Excoecaria agallocha showed higher Importance Value Index. The mean stem density varied from 80 to 25,000 no./ha and basal area from 0.1 to 39.68 m²/ha. Seaward mangroves showed maximum stand basal area and biomass production while riverine exhibited maximum density. Maturity Index value of Cochin mangroves revealed a very low degree of structural maturity. Interior mangroves were characterized by silty soil with higher nutrient concentrations. Principal component analysis of soil data revealed that the major factors influencing mangrove vegetation were soil texture, nutrients, salinity and oxidation–reduction potential. The stem density and basal area of different species correlated highly with soil nutrients and texture (p < .001) while salinity showed negative correlations with vegetation characteristics. The data generated in the study would be fundamental in site‐specific management and conservation efforts of these degrading mangroves.     

探析服装印花图案色彩设计

服装印花色彩设计是时代的一面镜子,从其特有的角度,映照出人类社会物质及精神文明进步、发展的面貌。探析服装印花色彩,掌握好和运用好色彩是服装印花色彩设计的重要之事,为使其对人们产生艺术魅力,给社会创造更多的经济价值,在服装印花设计中,色彩显然要担负起至关重要的使命。     

工业设计专业基础设计教学思考与探索

基础设计课程是工业设计专业从基础课程过渡到产品设计课程之间的桥梁,采用理论与实践相结合以实践教学为主的教学方法,理论环节以实例讲授为主,实践环节主要是专题设计训练,培养学生的观察、感受和把握的能力,着重于从纯粹的无目的的形态构成到实际产品设计的过渡,系统地训练产品设计的创意思维方法。在学习过程中运用基础课程的原理与方法,通过手工制作出有实用功能、形式美感兼备的产品雏形。     

新农村建设与农村民间政治组织关系的理性思考

新农村建设是一个系统工程,涵盖了政治、经济、文化等方面的共同发展。土生土长的农村民间政治组织在其生成、发展壮大之时与农村发展的诸方面紧密相连。探讨了农村民间政治组织的萌芽与成长,功能与作用,分析了她与新农村建设的内在关联。正确认识农村民间政治组织与农村基层民主、新农村建设的关系,对于推进新农村建设是有很强的现实意义。     

葫芦岛蒙脱土的特征与催化活性

研究了葫芦岛蒙脱土的某些特征与催化活性。该蒙脱石的离子交换能力与层间距分别是７５ｍｅｑ／１００ｇ和１．５２９ｎｍ，对偏三甲苯的歧化、异构化以及偏四甲苯的脱甲基、异构化都具有催化活性。这些数据表明葫芦岛蒙脱土是一种有用的催化材料。     

Disclosure in 3D of slit-membrane as well as -strands, and en-face basal lamina in situ of renal glomerulus of normal rats in embedment-free section transmission electron microscopy

With higher contrast and transparency due to the absence of epon and stereo-viewing effect due to thicker sections than conventional electron microscopy as methodological advantages, the renal glomerular slits were re-examined in embedment-free section electron microscopy. In addition to clear demonstration of strands bridging the slits in forms of ladders with highly irregular intervals and various extension-directions and length, this study disclosed clearly for the first time in the "section" TEM thin sheets which partially spanned the slit together with the strand-ladders. No strands were found to align in forms of typical zippers in normal kidney. Furthermore, en-face ultrastructure of the basal lamina in situ was clearly demonstrated in superimposed sites of the endothelial fenestrae with the slits.     

Effect of twinning on flow stress during initial stage of hot compression of twin roll cast Mg-5.51Zn-0.49Zr alloy

A Thermecmastor-Z hot deformation simulator,optical microscopy,XRD and TEM were employed to characterize the flow stress behavior and microstructure of twin roll cast ZK60 magnesium alloy during initial stage of hot compression at elevated temperature of 300 ℃ and 400 ℃ and a given strain rate of 10-2s-1.The results suggest that flow stress drop during initial stage of hot compression at 300℃,generally led by dynamic recrystallization,is attributed to twinning,correspondingly to dynamic recrystallization as...     

GFAAS法测定LiMn2O4中的Pb和Cd

采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAs)测定锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4中杂质Pb和Cd的含量.探讨了HNO2浓度、Pb和Cd的灰化温度和原子化温度、基体改进剂对测定结果的影响.该方法的操作简单,准确度高,Pb的回收率为91.22%～93.75%,Cd的回收率为96.5%～108.6%;精密度好,两种元素测定的相对标准偏差RSD(n=lO)<5%.     

基于计算机图像获取不同产区复烤片烟颜色的探索

对于工业企业而言,了解复烤片烟的颜色有利于指导烟叶储存养护等技术工作的开展。为了解决在复烤片烟环节颜色区分的局限,使烟叶颜色外观质量分析评价更为科学、准确,通过计算机图像获取技术,采用CIE1976L~*a~*b~*均匀色空间系统,并对数据进行PCA分析。结果表明:与传统物理或化学判断方法比较,该方法能有效地对河南、吉林、四川3个产区的正面、背面、混合面进行颜色区分,是一种可靠的复烤片烟质量评价辅助手段。