Dynamic analysis of Java program concepts for visualization and profiling

Concept assignment identifies units of source code that are functionally related, even if this is not apparent from a syntactic point of view. Until now, the results of concept assignment have only been used for static analysis, mostly of program source code. This paper investigates the possibility of using concept information within a framework for dynamic analysis of programs. The paper presents two case studies involving a small Java program used in a previous research exercise, and a large Java virtual machine (the popular Jikes RVM system). These studies investigate two applications of dynamic concept information: visualization and profiling. The paper demonstrates two different styles of concept visualization, which show the proportion of overall time spent in each concept and the sequence of concept execution, respectively. The profiling study concerns the interaction between runtime compilation and garbage collection in Jikes RVM. For some benchmark cases, we are able to obtain a significant reduction in garbage collection time. We discuss how this phenomenon might be harnessed to optimize the scheduling of garbage collection in Jikes RVM.     

稀疏贝叶斯相关向量机的模拟电路故障诊断

模拟电路故障诊断受制于传统的机器学习方法需要人为设定参数,分类效果依赖于参数设定是否成功,无法进行在线诊断。为此,提出一种基于稀疏贝叶斯相关向量机理论的模拟电路故障诊断模型,改进权值更新算法,设定阈值提前剔除非相关权值,减少算法运行时间,加快权值更新速度。在贝叶斯框架下对分类函数的权重进行推断,并得到各分类的后验概率,从而判断分类结果的置信度,辅助诊断决策。仿真结果表明,与支持向量机相比,该模型在精度相当的情况下,需要的相关向量更少,更具稀疏性和泛化性,分类时效性更高,适合模拟电路的在线检测。     

基于LE与ICROA-RVM的瓦斯传感器故障诊断

针对瓦斯传感器故障诊断速度慢、诊断精度不高的问题,以常见的冲击型、漂移型、偏置型和周期型传感器输出故障作为研究对象,提出一种基于拉普拉斯特征映射(LE)和改进化学反应优化算法(ICROA)优化的相关向量机(RVM)进行模式分类与辨识,实现瓦斯传感器故障诊断。首先采用流形学习方法 LE对高维原始数据空间进行非线性降维特征提取,提取故障特征,该方法极大地保留了原始数据中的整体几何信息;然后将故障特征作为RVM模型训练输入,利用ICROA算法对RVM模型的核参数进行全局寻优,将训练好的ICROA-RVM模型对测试样本进行故障诊断。实验结果表明:该诊断方法具有训练速度快,故障辨识精度高的特点,故障诊断正确率在96%以上,能够有效地提高瓦斯传感器故障诊断的速度和准确性。     

基于LANDMARC与压缩感知的双段式室内定位算法

鉴于已有室内定位算法定位精度与运算效率之间的矛盾,该文提出一种将LANDMARC区域定位与基于模拟退火优化正则化正交匹配追踪(SROMP)的压缩感知位置估计相结合的双段式定位算法(LANDMARC- SROMP CS)。首先,利用LANDMARC定位算法快速锁定目标所在区域范围;在锁定的区域内,再引入压缩感知理论实现目标位置估计。此部分,首先根据锁定区域范围建立虚拟参考标签;然后由新型组合核函数相关向量机算法训练得到室内传播损耗模型,计算获得虚拟标签处接收信号强度值,构建测量矩阵;最后利用SROMP压缩感知重构算法求解出目标的位置索引矩阵,对索引矩阵中的位置相关点加权平均得到目标的位置信息。实验结果表明,所提定位算法平均定位误差为0.6445 m,算法运算效率相对较高,可以较好地满足室内定位的要求。     

PSO优化多核RVM的模拟电路故障预测

针对模拟电路健康管理的特点，提出了一种基于PSO优化多核RVM的模拟电路故障预测方法。利用参数分析得到电路的输出频域响应作为特征，计算其与电路无故障标准响应的欧氏距离来表征电路元件健康值，将多个核函数线性组合，并用PSO优化多核RVM参数后的模型实现对各个时间点元件的健康值变化轨迹进行预测。仿真结果表明，该方法在小样本情况下，预测效果优于单一核函数的RVM模型，适用于健康管理中实时预测，具有较好的实用性。     

基于KNN和RVM的分类方法——KNN RVM分类器

针对相关向量机(RVM)算法分类精度低、核参数选择困难等问题,文中提出临界滑动阈值的概念并以其为基础将RVM与K近邻(KNN)算法结合构建分类器——KNN-RVM分类器。从理论上提出并证明KNN-RVM分类过程等价于带软间隔约束的支持向量机的分类过程、KNN-RVM分类器等价于每类只选一个代表点的1-NN分类器、KNN-RVM分类效果优于RVM这3个结论。对这3个不同数据集进行实验证明临界滑动阈值的临界性与滑动性及KNN-RVM分类器的准确性、适应性及全局最优性,提高分类精度,减轻算法对核参数的依赖性,进而证明KNN-RVM分类器是一种有效的分类器。     

基于电机电流分析的万能式断路器机械故障诊断

电机电流信号常用于分析电动机本身的故障问题,但对其应用于与电机相连机构的故障分析的研究较少。提出一种基于储能电机电流分析的万能式断路器操作机构故障诊断方法。首先采用Hilbert幅值解调法和改进的小波包阈值法相结合获取交流电流信号的包络线,以解决随机噪声干扰造成的所提取包络线粗糙的问题;然后通过包络线提取电流信号的时间量、电流量以及峭度作为不同故障状态电流波形的特征参数;最后融合模糊聚类和量子粒子群优化的相关向量机实现对断路器正常状态、传动齿轮卡涩、储能弹簧卡涩以及脱落的4种状态的辨识。构建了基于电流分析的万能式断路器故障诊断系统,在不同工况下进行了验证,结果表明该方法能有效提取操作机构储能相关部件的故障特征,实现了对操作机构储能相关部件的故障诊断。     

基于快速估计的相关向量机优化算法

针对相关向量机在大规模数据集上训练速度较慢的问题,提出一种基于快速估计的相关向量机优化算法。利用阈值系数、约减最大上限并结合迭代估计,对训练样本的超参进行快速预估计,去除训练集中大量的非相关向量,减小训练样本规模,减少训练时间。在UCI等数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法在保持训练精度的同时具有更快的训练速度。     

Output-associative RVM regression for dimensional and continuous emotion prediction

Many problems in machine learning and computer vision consist of predicting multi-dimensional output vectors given a specific set of input features. In many of these problems, there exist inherent temporal and spatial dependencies between the output vectors, as well as repeating output patterns and input–output associations, that can provide more robust and accurate predictors when modeled properly. With this intrinsic motivation, we propose a novel Output-Associative Relevance Vector Machine (OA-RVM) regression framework that augments the traditional RVM regression by being able to learn non-linear input and output dependencies. Instead of depending solely on the input patterns, OA-RVM models output covariances within a predefined temporal window, thus capturing past, current and future context. As a result, output patterns manifested in the training data are captured within a formal probabilistic framework, and subsequently used during inference. As a proof of concept, we target the highly challenging problem of dimensional and continuous prediction of emotions, and evaluate the proposed framework by focusing on the case of multiple nonverbal cues, namely facial expressions, shoulder movements and audio cues. We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed OA-RVM regression by performing subject-independent evaluation using the SAL database that constitutes naturalistic conversational interactions. The experimental results show that OA-RVM regression outperforms the traditional RVM and SVM regression approaches in terms of accuracy of the prediction (evaluated using the Root Mean Squared Error) and structure of the prediction (evaluated using the correlation coefficient), generating more accurate and robust prediction models.     

利用RVM搭建SOC芯片的高效验证平台

本文介绍了用于SOC功能验证的RVM验证方法学,描述RVM验证平台的层次化结构,介绍了RVM的随机测试和基于覆盖率驱动技术的验证策略.文中以一个UART模块为例,详细说明了RVM验证平台在SOC功能验证中的应用;并对验证平台的重用性进行了阐述.