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1.
Dysprosium-doped bismuth sodium titanate ceramics were prepared using the conventional mixed-oxide method. The amount of dysprosium used was varied from 0 to 2 at.%. The mixed powders were calcined at 800 °C and checked for phase purity using X-ray diffraction technique. The calcined powders were then cold-pressed into pellets and sintered at 1050 °C for the time ranging from 2 to 48 h. The ceramics were checked for phases and microstructures using an X-ray diffractometer and a scanning electron microscope, respectively. The analysis showed that undoped BNT ceramics sintered at longer time exhibited a significant grain growth with non-uniform grain size distribution and shape. The Dy-doped BNT however showed a much more limited grain growth behavior, resulting in smaller grain size and more equiaxed grain shape. It was also found that all Dy-doped BNT ceramics sintered at 48 h possessed lower porosity than those sintered for shorter time. 相似文献
2.
The purpose of this study is to apply continuum damage mechanics – introduced through the concept of fabric tensors – to composite materials within the framework of the theory of elasticity. A directional data model of damage mechanics for composite materials will be developed using fabric tensors. The introduction of fabric tensors into the analysis of damage of composite materials will allow for an enhanced and better understood physical meaning of damage. The micromechanical approach will be used here to relate the damage effect through fabric tensors to the behavior of composite materials. In this approach, damage mechanics is introduced separately to the constituents of the composite material through different constituents’ damage effect tensors. The damaged properties of the composite system as a whole can then be obtained by proper homogenization of the damaged properties of the constituents.
The derivation of a generalized formulation of damage evolution will be shown here in a mathematically consistent manner that is based on sound thermodynamic principles. Numerical examples will be presented to show applicability. In addition, damage evolution for the one-dimensional tension case is also illustrated. 相似文献
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We have utilized a variable energy positron beam and infrared transmission spectroscopy to study defects in GaAs epilayers
grown at low temperatures (LT-GaAs) by molecular beam epitaxy. We have measured the Doppler broadening of the positron-electron
annihilation gamma ray spectra as a function of positron implantation energy. From these measurements, we have obtained results
for the depth profiles of Ga monovacancies in unannealed LT-GaAs and Ga monovacancies and arsenic cluster related defects
in annealed LT-GaAs. We have also studied the effects of the Si impurities in annealed LT-GaAs. The infrared transmission
measurements on unannealed LT-GaAs furnish a broad defect band, related to As antisites, centered at 0.370 eV below the conduction
band. 相似文献
6.
非均相成核中间相炭微球的形成过程及其结构演变 总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12
以含有喹啉不溶物的煤焦油沥青为原料,在410℃、不同反应时间下获得一系列中间相炭微球(MCMB)和小于0.5μm的碳质颗粒(SCP)。通过对中间相沥青的软化点、族组成和MCMB、SCP的形貌及MCMB断面结构的分析,认为非均相成核MCMB的形成和生长过程不同于均相成核的融并生长过程,而是SCP碳质颗粒的构筑过程,我们称之为“球形基本单元构筑”过程。在MCMB生长过程中,体系的黏度对SCP的形成和MCMB的生长起着重要的作用。非均相成核MCMB的内部结构不是三种模型结构(“地球仪”型、“洋葱”型和“同心圆”型)中的任一种,而是炭层具有收缩点的复杂结构,并且球体的结构不具有“继承性”,即随着反应时间的延长而不断发生变化和调整。MCMB内部分子在球体生长过程中的主要变化趋势是分子的不断缩合长大,而不是分子片层的平行趋向。 相似文献
7.
Cato Drum Odd Sture Hopperstad Odd-Geir Lademo Magnus Langseth 《Materials & Design》2007,28(10):2619-2631
A through-process methodology for numerical simulations of the structural behaviour of thin-walled cast magnesium components is presented. The methodology consists of casting process simulations using MAGMAsoft, mapping of data from the process simulation onto a FE-mesh (shell elements) and numerical simulations using the explicit FE-code LS-DYNA. In this work, generic High Pressure Die Cast (HPDC) AM60 components have been studied using axial crushing, 3-point bending and 4-point bending tests. The experimental data are applied to obtain a validated methodology for finite element modelling of thin-walled cast components subjected to quasi-static loading. The cast magnesium alloy is modelled using a user-defined material model consisting of an elastic–plastic model based on a modified J2-flow theory and the Cockcroft–Latham fracture criterion. The fracture criterion is coupled with an element erosion algorithm available in LS-DYNA. The constitutive model and fracture criterion are calibrated both with data from material tests and data from the process simulation using MAGMAsoft. 相似文献
8.
The adsorption of molecular and atomic hydrogen as well as other molecules in the atmosphere on vacancies in the (0 0 0 1) graphite surface are investigated using density functional theory. Atomic hydrogen adsorbs with energies ranging from 4.7 to 2.3 eV. The validity of the model is confirmed by the good agreement between calculated vibrational spectra and those of high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. It is shown that molecular hydrogen dissociates with a barrier of 1.1 eV on this model system. Water and oxygen also dissociate with respective barriers of 1.6 and 0.2 eV. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen have no interaction with the defect whereas carbon monoxide is incorporated into the vacancy with an activation energy of 1.5 eV. A comparison is made with the reactivity of graphene edges, both zigzag and armchair. 相似文献
9.
结合邯郸钢铁集团公司型棒材厂型材矫直后头、尾部普遍存在的问题,分析了产生问题的原因,通过采取一些技术措施产生了一定的效果,进一步提出了对矫直机结构的改进方案。 相似文献
10.
A statistical-thermodynamic model for binary nonstoichiometric A5B3 with D81-structure has been established on the basis of the grand canonical ensemble. In the model the average chemical potentials according to the composition and a new extra equation as a boundary condition are proposed for more accuracy and free experimental data calculations. The model can be used in any A5B3 type compounds with D81 structure. The establishment method of the statistical-thermodynamic model can be extended to other complicated structures. We apply the statistical-thermodynamic model to α-Nb5Si3 and the parameters used in the model are obtained from the first-principles' calculations. From these parameters the expression for the point defect concentrations as a function of compositions and temperatures is obtained by numeral calculations. The constitutional defects and thermal defects in α-Nb5Si3 are discussed. 相似文献