A REVIEW OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC ENERGETIC MATERIALS

Explosives are employed extensively not only in military areas but also in civilian applications. There are many researchers working on the discovery of explosives. In recent years, synthetic and theoretical studies on polycyclic aromatic explosives have received significant interest. The present short review concentrates on the synthesis and some of the physico-chemical characteristics of energetic materials of the classes of tetraazapentalene, naphthalene, di- and tetraaza-naphthalene, pyrazolo-pyrazole, benzofuroxan, tetrazine and tetrazene derivatives as well as theoretical studies. A brief comment is also made on the emerging explosive concepts such as velocity of detonation, detonation pressure etc. The compounds in the review have the potential for subsequent applications in the area of energetic materials. Therefore, an endeavor is made to assemble the important contributions made by the various scientists in the area of energetic materials in this review.     

四（三甲基硅基）四氮烯的合成及机理

以三(三甲基硅基)肼锂和对甲苯磺酰叠氮为起始原料,合成了高活性的1,2‐二(三甲基硅基)二氮烯(BSD),进一步利用其二聚反应,合成了1,1,4,4‐四(三甲基硅基)四氮烯(TST),总收率约5.0%,通过核磁共振谱、红外光谱、元素分析和紫外‐可见吸收光谱对BSD和TST的结构进行了表征。通过量子化学计算方法研究了BSD二聚反应的机理。结果表明,发现其先异构化为1,1‐二(三甲基硅基)二氮烯中间体,然后两个中间体相互作用形成TST,两个过程分别需要高达103.0 k J·mol~(-1)和114.3 k J·mol~(-1)的活化能,该理论结果与高温条件有利于BSD转化为TST的实验现象一致。     

四氮烯异构体的密度泛函理论研究（英）

采用密度泛函理论对四氮烯起爆药的异构体进行研究。在B3LYP/6-311 G**水平下对四氮烯三种异构体分子的几何结构进行全优化计算。计算结果表明,(Ⅲ)的总能量比(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)都低,这说明(Ⅲ)是最稳定的分子结构,这与四氮烯的晶体结构和(Ⅲ)非常相近这一事实一致。对三种异构体分子的红外振动计算结果表明,它们的分子中都不存在虚频,由此说明这三种异构体都是可能存在的结构。由三种异构体分子的NBO电荷可以看出,(Ⅲ)分子中的原子排列比(Ⅰ)和(Ⅱ)便于分子中电荷的分散。前线轨道分析结果表明:N(8)是(Ⅲ)分子中最活跃的原子,在(Ⅲ)被活化的时候,N(8)—N(12)键先断裂。     

四氮烯起爆药的电喷雾电离质谱裂解研究

为了更好地了解含能材料燃烧和爆炸机理,对四氮烯进行了电喷雾电离质谱分析。根据质谱图中碎片离子的信息,总结了四氮烯的裂解途径,发现四氮烯裂解时主要有NH2、HCN、HCN2、N3、N4中性碎片的丢失,推测它的裂解机理是C—N、N—N键的断裂反应和分子内重排反应;同时发现四唑环碎片离子m/z68.9的相对丰度较高,初步断定四氮烯分子结构中的四唑环是相对比较稳定的结构;并且由m/z68.9峰和m/z95.8峰的相对丰度接近,推测分子中C(5)—N(1)键和N(2)—N(3)键的键能相当(以四氮烯命名),且容易断裂,生成四唑自由基、氨基胍自由基和N2。