钝感猛炸药金属导爆索安全性试验研究

研究了作为爆轰传递与延期主体的小直径钝感猛炸药金属导爆索 ,在生产、使用、贮存与应用等环节中所涉及的诸如燃烧、烤爆、殉爆、弯曲、拉伸、撞击等作用后的安全可靠性。试验证明 ,外径为 0 .85mm,药芯直径约为 0 .45mm,装药量 0 .45g/ m的含有 HNS炸药的金属导爆索具有较高的安全性能。     

HNS的临界厚度测试研究

为了验证六硝基茋(HNS)的爆轰波传播性能,采用楔形装药方法对三种HNS装药的临界厚度进行了实验研究,其装药密度分别为1.00,1.570 g·cm-3,粒径分别为20 μm,9 μm,89 nm.结果表明: HNS粒度对爆轰波传播特性影响显著,粒度减小,临界截面厚度变小,即爆轰波传播性能增强;装药密度的增加利于爆轰波传递,在装药密度为1.570 g·cm-3时,HNS-Ⅳ的临界厚度只有0.46 mm.     

Determination of Solvent Contamination and Characterization of Ultrafine HNS Particles after Solvent Recrystallization

Solvent–antisolvent recrystallization employed for size reduction of HNS has been described and the effect of various parameters such as stirring rate, effect of antisolvent type, antisolvent temperature, ultrasonication, etc. was investigated. Purified HNS, produced by hot solvent recrystallization of production grade crude HNS, of mean particle size ∼95 μm was used for preparation of ultrafine particles of HNS. Solvent contamination in terms of residual solvent was determined by ¹H NMR and GC‐MS analysis. In addition, ultrafine HNS has been characterized for purity (HPLC, ¹H NMR), particle size and shape (PSA and SEM), specific surface area (BET analysis), thermal behavior (TGA, DSC), sensitivity (impact, friction), etc. The results have been compared with C‐HNS. UF‐HNS was >99% pure with mean particle size <1 μm. SEM showed submicrometer size rods like particles of HNS as the final material.     

HNS 炸药压装工艺安全性分析

为确保新型炸药生产过程的安全性,着重从炸药的基本特性、装药工艺流程及工艺参数、压药模具的设计和使用等方面对压装工艺进行安全分析。结果表明,HNS炸药的压装工艺安全可靠。通过对压药模具的爆炸仿真分析和对安全防护装置的爆炸试验,得出结论：即使发生爆炸,现有工艺亦能有效地保护人员安全。     

HNS与NQ的表面能研究

采用毛细渗透法和Washburn方程测定了六硝基芪(HNS)、硝基胍(NQ)和吸收药片在10%乙二醇、乙醇、30%乙二醇、水中的接触角,并通过Young方程及表面化学理论计算了它们的表面能及其分量.结果表明,其值与理论计算值相符合,NQ有较高的表面能为58.31 mJ·m<'-2>,其中极性分量占主要成分为54.73 ...     

Effect of Sampling Methods on N Detection in High Nitrogen Steel

The effect of sampling methods on the detection of N content in the high nitrogen steel (HNS) was studied by variance analysis method. In the experiments, two kinds of samples (rod sample and chip sample) were chosen. It was showed that when the N content was in the range of 0.06%～0.4%, the results obtained by two methods were almost the same, indicating that both were suitable to identify the N in the steel. However, when the N content was higher than 0.4%, the result obtained using chips as sample was lower than that using rod. The N₂ bubble in the rod sample might cause error since it didn't comprise the N content. Hence, the N content could be reflected more accurately by the chip samples. Based on the difference of N content detected by two methods, the shrinkage rate was analyzed theoretically and found to be inversely proportional to the pressure of N₂ bubbles in steel.     

Porous structure and reduced sensitivity of 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’-hexanitrostilbene (HNS) prepared by different solvation and desolvation methods

ABSTRACT

The sensitivity and performance of energetic materials strongly depend on their microstructure. Different solvation and desolvation methods were applied to prepare high explosive HNS with modified porous structure. Vacuum pyrolysis and a novel anti-solvent extraction method have been applied on the desolvation of the HNS?DIO (HNS = 2,2?,4,4?,6,6?-hexanitrostilbene; DIO = 1,4-dioxane) solvate to obtain porous HNS, while in the solvation process, the porous HNS was exposed to the solvent vapor generated by low vacuum or heating to form porous HNS?DIO solvates. After the desolvation of the porous HNS?DIO solvates, HNS with modified porous structure was achieved. This porous HNS and modified porous HNS reveal a reduced impact and friction sensitivity, compared to the raw HNS. The microstructures of HNS tuned by these different supramolecular assembly and disassembly methods were described and the feature of the methods was also discussed. These results highlight a new, simple, effective and controllable crystal engineering strategy for the design and optimization of the microstructure of energetic materials.     

复合絮凝剂处理六硝基茋生产废水的实验研究

通过实验研究了微生物絮凝剂SY-6和无机絮凝剂FeCl 3复合体系协同互补作用下对六硝基茋生产废水的处理效果,并对投加量、投加顺序、pH、温度进行优化。结果表明：复合絮凝剂的处理效果优于单一絮凝剂,处理后水样COD去除率达70.77%,絮凝率达72.7%,色度去除率达84%。     

基于DMF环境的HNS热分解实验研究

六硝基茋(HNS)作为性能优良的耐热炸药被广泛应用,由于其制备工艺到提纯等过程均是在溶液中进行,溶液局部高温可能导致体系不稳定或发生意外爆炸。为了研究HNS在溶液中的热分解情况,选用二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作为溶剂,采用自行设计的临界爆温测试装置测试了HNS、DMF以及HNS溶液的热分解情况。结果表明,在本实验条件下,0.5 g HNS在高温加热时会发生爆炸;HNS质量浓度为1%~8%时,HNS溶液发生了爆炸;随着溶液中HNS浓度增大,临界爆炸温度会下降。     

导爆索组件输入输出端头装HNS炸药的研究

为提高导爆索组件的安全可靠性,把HNS-Ⅰ炸药引入到导爆索组件的输入输出端头中,分别研究了导爆索组件输入输出端头装HNS-Ⅰ炸药的传爆性能.结果表明:输入端可采用HNS-Ⅰ装药(1.01～1.73g/cm3),能够可靠引爆小药量Ag/HNS-Ⅱ限制性导爆索;而输出端采用HNS-Ⅰ炸药时限制性导爆索不能可靠传爆,试验结果可以为耐高温导爆索组件的设计提供参考.