Oxidation and Reduction Processes During NO x Removal with Corona-Induced Nonthermal Plasma

In this paper, the NO-to-NO ₂ conversion in various gaseous mixtures is experimentally investigated. Streamer coronas are produced with a dc-superimposed high-frequency ac power supply (10–60 kHz). According to NO _x removal experiments in N ₂ +NO _x and N ₂ +O ₂ +NO _x gaseous mixtures, it is supposed that the reverse reaction NO ₂ +ONO+O ₂ may not only limit NO ₂ production in N ₂ +NO _x mixtures, but also increase the energy cost for NO removal. Oxygen could significantly suppress reduction reactions and enhance oxidation processes. The reduction reactions, such as N+NON ₂ +O, induce negligible NO removal provided the O ₂ concentration is larger than 3.6%. With adding H ₂ O into the reactor, the produced NO ₂ per unit removed NO can be significantly reduced due to NO ₂ oxidation. NH ₃ injection could also significantly decrease the produced NO ₂ via NH and NH ₂ - related reduction reactions. Almost 100% of NO ₂ can be removed in gaseous mixtures of N ₂ +O ₂ +H ₂ O+NO ₂ with negligible NO production.     

脉冲电晕放电流光发展和OH自由基二维分布的发射光谱研究

流光在OH自由基的生成过程中起到重要作用。为了研究流光与OH自由基之间的关系,利用ICCD拍摄了线板式脉冲电晕放电反应器内流光的形成和发展过程,着重研究了在反应器几何结构固定的情况下,输入峰值电压对流光发展速度和流光在阴极板覆盖范围的影响。实验表明在反应器不击穿的情况下,输入峰值电压越大,越有利于流光的发展,因此生成的高能电子数量越多。此外我们还利用发射光谱法测量了脉冲电晕放电反应器内OH自由基的二维分布特性,并且与流光发展轨迹图对比。OH自由基在放电电场中的分布特性是以电极线为中心向四周扩散,浓度逐渐降低。这个结论和流光在脉冲电晕放电反应器内的发展轨迹图相吻合。     

流光放电等离子体液相氧化亚硫酸铵

在氨-硫铵法烟气脱硫中, 一个关键环节是将副产物的四价硫S(IV)氧化为六价硫S(VI). 采用可规模化的流光放电液相氧化技术, 通过交直流叠加(AC/DC)电源, 激发气体放电产生等离子体对氨法脱硫高浓度的亚硫酸铵进行氧化. 实验测量了该氧化过程与溶液浓度、放电功率密度、溶液pH值、温度以及传质效率因子等各种参数的关系. 研究表明, 在亚硫酸铵摩尔浓度为3 mol·L-1时, 可以获得有实用价值的反应速率, 摩尔能耗减低到50 Wh·mol-1以下, 显示出很好的应用前景.     

可用于光催化研究的脉冲放电流光光源

利用针板形式的电极系统、正极性纳秒级脉冲电压供电、在空气和水混合条件下产生脉冲放电流光,研究了脉冲放电流光与电气参数、溶液电导率、鼓泡空气流量的变化关系,利用脉冲放电流光和纳米颗粒的半导体TiO2结合对酸性橙染料(AO7)溶液进行脱色效果的实验研究。结果表明,脉冲放电流光可以诱导TiO2发生光催化活性,在脉冲放电等离子体处理效果的基础上,提高AO7的脱色效果。     

Erratum to Laplacian Instability of Planar Streamer Ionization Fronts—An Example of Pulled Front Analysis

Streamer ionization fronts are pulled fronts that propagate into a linearly unstable state; the spatial decay of the initial condition of a planar front selects dynamically one specific long-time attractor out of a continuous family. A stability analysis for perturbations in the transverse direction has to take these features into account. In this paper we show how to apply the Evans function in a weighted space for this stability analysis. Zeros of the Evans function indicate the intersection of the stable and unstable manifolds; they are used to determine the eigenvalues. Within this Evans function framework, we define a numerical dynamical systems method for the calculation of the dispersion relation as an eigenvalue problem. We also derive dispersion curves for different values of the electron diffusion constant and of the electric field ahead of the front. Numerical solutions of the initial value problem confirm the eigenvalue calculations. The numerical work is complemented with an analysis of the Evans function leading to analytical expressions for the dispersion relation in the limit of small and large wave numbers. The paper concludes with a fit formula for intermediate wave numbers. This empirical fit supports the conjecture that the smallest unstable wave length of the Laplacian instability is proportional to the diffusion length that characterizes the leading edge of the pulled ionization front. G. Derks acknowledges a travel grant of the Royal Society, which initiated this research, and a visitor grant of the Dutch funding agency NWO and the NWO-mathematics cluster NDNS⁺ to finish the work. The work was also supported by a CWI PhD grant for B. Meulenbroek.     

电容耦合分区放电等离子体的研究

介绍了一种新的大气压下空气中等离子体产生方法─── 电容耦合分区放电。该方法综合了电晕放电和介质阻挡放电的优点,在大气压下可以生成大规模、高密度、均匀稳定的非平衡等离子体。其放电功率可达常规介质阻挡放电100倍以上,且可根据需要灵活调整。     

Incipient electric field determination for bush and streamer stage in dielectric liquid under energy balance condition

This paper introduces a new approach for streamer advance mechanism in dielectric liquid. The existing of bush-like streamer shape early and then a tree structure shape after that has been given an over view and definition by devising a breakdown index for dielectric liquid which reach a value of 25. The deviation of streamer velocity from low values of tens of meter per second, until several kilometer per second from bush-like shape, until complete breakdown has been discussed too. These different stages have been studied on an energy balance concepts. In this paper using energy balance analysis, different critical applied fields have been obtained. These values reach 2.18 MV/cm for one branch channel in bush-like streamer shape and 21.5 MV/cm, for tree streamer. After that, the initial streamer velocities concerning these stages have been introduced. From these analysis the dissociation of dielectric liquids starts when the streamer velocity reach the sound speed in air, 331 m/s. In addition, the dissociation field depends mainly on the physical values of the dielectric medium, such as density, and permittivity have been introduced. In this paper the dissociation starts at an electric field value of 21.5 MV/cm for nearly all dielectric liquids, This result is equal to tree streamer inception value, which can be considered as a new introduced finding. A new energy equation relating injected energy electric field, velocity and new deduced breakdown index in dielectric liquid has been devised. The streamer may stop or continue its advance until complete breakdown. According to many published data for streamer, there is no clear explanation for streamer stopping and continuing it advance. In this paper, the streamer must advance ahead of the bush zone in the gap toward the opposite electrode when the prospective electric field at 66% of the gap achieves a breakdown index of 25. This result can be considered as a new criterion for streamer growth until crossing the gap. These new equations and findings have been applied to several experimental works and achieve good results.     

Verification of positive streamer mechanism for negative corona Trichel pulses in O2/H2 mixtures

Current waveforms of the first negative corona pulses have been measured in O₂ + H₂ mixtures at a pressure range from 27 kPa to 50 kPa. It was observed that the hydrogen admixtures less than 4% do not change significantly the pulse current waveforms. Effects of changing cathode secondary electron emission were studied using a copper cathode coated by CuI and graphite. The results obtained support the theory of the cathode-directed streamer formation during the negative corona pulse rise.     

常温常压流光放电合成NH3

在常温常压条件下，应用超强窄脉冲电场在整个反应器内产生的强烈流光主电，将Ｎ２，Ｈ２电离、离解，产生大量的自由原子、离子、自由基等，在定向化学合成反应模型的控制下合成ＮＨ３，其浓度可达３７００ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。     

Formation of a small ‘bead lightning’ in a half-microsecond discharge in air

The formation of periodic plasma clots which form a discharge channel similar to bead lightning has been studied with a four-channel intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera simultaneously with the recording of voltage and current waveforms. It was found that a diffuse discharge was formed at the initial stage due to the development of a wide streamer. Runaway electrons were registered. Beads were formed as a result of the development of the spark leader after the diffuse stage. It was assumed that the diameter of the spark leader periodically changes in accordance with the change in the electric field strength in the spark leader head. As a result, narrow sections of the channel heat up more and glow brighter.