单晶硅晶格间距的测量技术进展及应用

单晶硅晶格间距是许多重要物理常数测量的基础。本文介绍了硅晶格间距测量技术的发展历程,包括X射线干涉仪直接测量和晶格比较仪间接测量两种方法,以及影响测量结果不确定度的关键因素。得益于晶格间距测量的进展,在纳米尺度,硅晶格间距被国际计量局(BIPM)批准成为新的米定义复现形式。最后介绍了硅晶格在计量学中的应用,以及基于硅晶格实现纳米几何量测量的溯源体系的研究趋势。     

基于群论的晶格扰动介质纳米孔阵列多重Fano共振机理及演变

基于全介质超构材料独特的电磁属性,提出了一种晶格扰动介质纳米孔阵列超构表面来激发近红外区域的多重Fano共振.结合群论深入探究了该超构表面在其原胞为方形晶格构型与方形晶格对称性被破坏两情况下多重Fano共振的形成机理及演变规律.研究表明,在方形晶格超构表面中,外部辐射连续体分别与由正入射平面波直接激发的双重简并模式共振干涉形成双重Fano共振,且该共振与原胞中是否含孔及孔的形状无关,在晶格扰动超构表面中,原本不耦合的非简并模式由正入射平面波激发出来并与外部辐射连续体干涉形成Q值更高的三重Fano共振.进一步探讨了正入射平面波的xy极化方向对上述五重Fano共振的影响,结果表明,双重简并模式Fano共振偏振无关,三重非简并模式Fano共振偏振依赖.本文将为利用方形晶格构型的超构表面实现多重Fano共振的激发及演变提供有效的理论参考.     

Structural and thermodynamic properties of AlB2 compound

We employ a first-principles plane wave method with the relativistic analytic pseudopotential of Hartwigsen, Goedecker and Hutter (HGH) scheme in the frame of DFT to calculate the equilibrium lattice parameters and the thermodynamic properties of AlB₂ compound with hcp structure. The obtained lattice parameters are in good agreement with the available experimental data and those calculated by others. Through the quasi-harmonic Debye model, obtained successfully are the dependences of the normalized lattice parameters a/a₀ and c/c₀ on pressure P, the normalized primitive cell volume V/V₀ on pressure P, the variation of the thermal expansion α with pressure P and temperature T, as well as the Debye temperature \Theta_D and the heat capacity C_V on pressure P and temperature T.     

二维位置灵敏探测器输出图像畸变的修正

高分辨(e,2e)谱仪采用二维位置灵敏探测器同时对能量和角度进行多道测量.二维位置灵敏探测器由级联使用的微通道板和电阻阳极板组成,由于电阻阳极板的边缘效应和制造工艺的缺陷,测量得到的位置图像与实际图像总会有一定的形变,存在一定的非线性.本文针对高分辨(e,2e)谱仪二维位置灵敏探测器输出图像的“桶形”畸变及位置非线性,采用一种简易的冷刻法(用脉冲信号来模拟真实电子束团),检验了二维位置灵敏探测器的Gear型电阻阳极板的线性好坏,并用分割成小三角形的方法找出测量得到的畸变图像与原始真实图像的映射关系,再用此关系对其它测量得到的畸变图像进行修正,并对修正的结果进行了评估.通过修正,由“桶形”畸变所造成的图像扭曲得到明显改善.修正后的x方向非线性由修正前的2.1%变为0.59%.这种检验和修正方法对其它领域类似探测器输出图像的修正也有一定的指导意义.     

Nonlinear Effects for Bose Einstein Condensates in Optical Lattices

Cold atoms and, more recently, Bose-Einstein condensates （BEC＇s） in optical lattices have attracted increasing interest since their first realization. In particular, the formal similarity between the wavefunction of a BEC inside the periodic potential of an optical lattice and of the electrons in a crystal lattice has triggered theoretical and experimental efforts alike. Many phenomena from condensed matter physics, such as Bloch oscillations and Landau-Zener tunneling have been shown to be observable also in optical lattices. An important difference between electrons in a crystal lattice and a BEC inside the periodic potential of an optical lattice is the strength of the self interaction and hence the magnitude of the nonlinearity of the system. Electrons in a metal are almost noninteracting, whereas atoms inside a BEC interact strongly. A＇ perturbation approach is appropriate in the former case while in the latter the full nonlinearity must be taken into account. From this feature new physics is expected. Most experiments to date have been carried out in the regime of shallow lattice depth, for which the system is well described by the mean field Gross-Pitaevskii equation with a periodic potential. Moreover, the nonlinearity induced by the mean-field of the condensate has been shown, both theoretically and experimentally, to give rise to instabilities in certain regions of the Brillouin zone. These instabilities are not present in the corresponding linear system, i.e. the electron system. Experimental and theoretical results on the subject of nonlinear Landau-Zener tunneling and nonlinearity-induced instabilities in a Bose-Einstein condensate interacting with an external periodic potential will be presented.     

12kW二极管泵浦激光模块

二极管泵浦固体激光器（DPL）具有寿命长、热负载小、结构紧凑等优点，在工业加工、军事、通讯等领域都得到了广泛的应用。在高光束质量、高平均功率DPL激光器的研究中，目前普遍采用MOPA结构的光路布局——由谐振腔产生出低功率的单横模激光输出，经多路放大后达到满足需求的功率水平。而激光放大模块作为放大光路中的核心部件，其增益分布特性将直接影响到光束放大过程中的波前变化，因此如何在提高激光放大模块储能的同时提高模块增益分布的均匀性，从而减少光路放大过程的波前畸变，对于进一步研制高平均功率、高光束质量的半导体泵浦固体激光器具有非常重要的意义。     

Effects of External Electric Field on Ferroelectric Superlattice with Two Alternating Layers

The effects of the external electric field on the ferroelectric superlattice with two alternating layers have been studied using the transverse Ising model based on the effective-field theory with the differential technique. The hysteresis loops and susceptibility of the system have been given. The stronger the external electric field, the smaller the susceptibility, reflecting that the polarization is weaker.     

晶格失配对异质外延超薄膜生长中成核特性的影响

利用动力学蒙特卡罗方法模拟了异质外延超薄膜生长中的成核过程.研究了薄膜与衬底的晶格失配对超薄膜生长中成核密度、平均核尺寸、标度关系及生长模式的影响.结果发现产生压（张）应变的晶格负（正）失配使生长过程更早（迟）从成核区进入过渡区，失配越大，这一效应越明显.在相同的沉积条件下，负失配导致超薄膜形成较低的成核密度与较大的平均核尺寸，而正失配则相反.成核密度满足标度关系Ns≈(F/D)χ，随着失配度从-0.04增加到0.02，标度系数χ从0.37逐渐减小到0.33，对应超薄膜生长过程从包含二聚体扩散模式转变到无 关键词： 薄膜生长 成核 晶格失配 蒙特卡罗模拟     

三维光晶格中玻色凝聚气体基态波函数及干涉演化

基于Gross-Pitaevskii方程，运用有效化学势概念，研究了囚禁在组合势(由磁阱和三维光 晶格组成)中玻色凝聚气体在三维光晶格中的分布规律，并由此得到玻色凝聚气体的归 一化基态波函数.在取消组合势和仅取消光晶格而保留磁阱的两种情况下，运用传播子方 法求解出玻色凝聚气体密度分布的解析表达式.取消组合势后，理论计算所得到的玻色凝聚 气体聚随时间的演化规律与Greiner等的实验结果相一致.仅取消光晶格而保留磁阱时，研 究表明玻色凝聚气体的干涉模式呈现周期性的振荡行为.此外，在磁阱为各向异性的情况下 ， 关键词： 玻色凝聚气体 磁阱 光晶格 干涉模式     

全景图像几何畸变校正的算法研究及其软件实现

对于360°视场的全景图像,本文提出了分别对其进行切向和径向畸变校正的处理算法,并用插值处理提高处理精度。达到了将全景图像恢复为常规视场平面像的目的。它是进一步图像分析的前期工作。