启发式教学在生理学教学中的应用研究

针对生理学课程理论抽象、实验操作复杂等特点,阐述了启发式教学方法取代传统填鸭式教学方法的必然性。因生理学教学难度大、实验操作条件高,故着重介绍了问答式、讨论式、演绎式、归纳式、直观式等五种启发式教学方法在生理学教学中的应用。     

日本血吸虫尾蚴至童虫期超微结构变化与生理适应的关系

本文应用透射电镜观察比较日本血吸虫尾蚴和皮肤型童虫的体壁、腺体和消化道的超微结构。结果表明,从尾蚴至皮肤型童虫转变过程,其体壁和钻腺的超微结构发生明显改变,但头腺及消化道则未见明显变化。这些变化与其相应的微环境密切相关。     

生理影像信息技术及其临床应用

生理影像是功能性医学影像的一个重要分支,也是临床医学工程的一个极其重要的研究和应用领域。多年来,作者及其研究生与临床医务人员相结合,在电生理影像和热生理影像的信息获取和数字化处理技术方面进行了大量及深入的研究,提出了一种体内热估计(ITE)新技术。本文重点介绍热生理影像信息在妇女乳腺癌诊断中的应用。通过对约五千例妇女乳腺病筛选的结果,表明了生理影像信息处理及ITE技术在临床医学上的应用价值。     

谈《正常人体学基础》教材及教学方法改进

本文介绍了《正常人体学基础》教材的特点,讨论了本学科教学应注意的问题,强调了要充分地使用标本模型、挂图及多媒体教学,讨论了本学科的学习方法.     

三硝基甲苯对雄性小鼠生殖系统生理机能的影响

目的 研究三硝基甲苯对雄性小鼠生殖系统生理机能的影响。方法 将40只小鼠随机分为4组：三硝基甲苯35、70、140mg／kg为实验组和对照组，灌胃染毒。30d后电镜观察小鼠睾丸的超微结构。结果 三硝基甲苯染毒性小鼠睾丸的超微结构出现病理学改变，70、140mg／kg染毒组比35mg／kg组变化明显。结论 三硝基甲苯对雄性小鼠生殖系生理机能有损伤。     

介导感觉生理功能的瞬时受体电位通道蛋白(TRP)家族研究进展

瞬时受体电位通道蛋白(TRP)家族由一类特殊的阳离子通道蛋白组成,在神经细胞及其他非兴奋细胞中有重要作用,其中在介导多种感觉生理功能方面的作用尤其显著.TRP结构与功能的深入研究为阐明感觉生理功能的分子机制提供了重要线索.本文综述TRP家族在温度感受、机械刺激感受、光感受和化学信号感受等方面的研究进展.     

Magnetic nanoparticle labeling of mesenchymal stem cells without transfection agent: cellular behavior and capability of detection with clinical 1.5 T magnetic resonance at the single cell level.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of labeling human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by ionic superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) without a transfection agent and verifying its capability to be detected with clinical 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR) at the single-cell level. Human hMSCs were incubated for 24 h with an ionic SPIO, Ferucarbotran. The labeling efficiency of hMSCs was determined by iron content measurement spectrophotometrically, and the influence of labeling on cell behavior was ascertained by examination of cell viability using the trypan blue exclusion method, cell proliferation analysis using MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) change, differentiation capacity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production measured by dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescent probe. Labeled hMSCs were scanned under 1.5 T MRI with three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) T(2)-weighted gradient echo (GRE) pulse sequences. Human hMSC labeling without transfection agent was efficient. The iron content in hMSCs was 23.4 pg Fe/cell. No significant change was found in viability, proliferation, MMP change, ROS production, or differentiation capacity. About 45.2% of the hMSCs could be detected using 1.5 T MRI at the single cell level with 3D GRE and four repetitions.     

Healthy lungs tolerate repetitive collapse and reopening during short periods of mechanical ventilation

The possible occurrence of lung damage if alveolar units are allowed to collapse and reopen breath by breath during mechanical ventilation with normal tidal volumes was investigated. Anaesthetised, paralysed, open chest rabbits were subjected to either intrathoracic negative (NEEP; n=6) or positive (PEEP; n=6) end-expiratory pressure during volume controlled mechanical ventilation. Both experimental settings were preceded by a 30 min control period and followed by a 30 min recovery period during which a PEEP of 0.2 kPa was maintained. Pao₂ and pulmonary compliance deteriorated significantly in the NEEP group during the experimental period and compared to ventilation with PEEP. Partial restoration of lung mechanics and blood gases was achieved during the recovery period. After an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre, this recovery was complete. Lung clearance studied by depositing an aerosol of technetium-99m-labelled diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (^99mTc-DTPA) in the alveoli, was significantly faster during ventilation with NEEP compared to the PEEP group ( P =0.0002) as well as the control period ( P = 0.0029). It did not recover completely during the recovery period but remained significantly faster. light microscopic histology was normal in both groups with no evidence of inflammation or epithelial disruption. We conclude that previously healthy rabbit lungs show only a transient disturbance of lung mechanics and blood gases with repetitive collapse and re-expansion. The integrity of the alveolar rnicrostructure is preserved. The disturbance in the alveolo-capillary permeability persists and may indicate surfactant related alveolo-capillary barrier dysfunction.     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄心肌病理改变与心肌运动的关系

目的 :探讨风湿性二尖瓣狭窄 (Mitralstenosis ,MS)患者心肌病理改变与心肌运动的关系 .方法 :MS患者 2 2例术前行常规心脏超声及组织多普勒成像 (Dopplertissueimag ing,DTI)检查 ,于心尖四腔切面记录室间隔侧二尖瓣环长轴方向射血期频谱S波和舒张期频谱D波峰值及心电图R波至频谱S波起始点的时间T ,选取 3个波幅最大的心动周期 ,算出此 3个心动周期的平均值S3 、D3 和T3 ;二尖瓣置换术中切取左室乳头肌行病理检查 .结果 :微动脉Di/Do与D3 呈正相关 ,(r =0 .5 0 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;心肌纤维化程度与T3 呈正相关 ,(r=0 .6 8,P <0 .0 5 ) ;而S3 与D3 呈正相关 ,(r =0 .4 3,P <0 .0 5 ) .结论 :术前DTI检查测量D3 及T3 ,可以反映心肌病理变化 ,有助于对MS患者手术适应证的掌握及对预后的判断