Pitfalls in diagnosis of aortic dissection by angiography: Algorithmic approach utilizing CT and MRI

Dissection of the thoracic aorta is a life-threatening event requiring imaging studies to define the level of the tear and the intinmal flap. The “gold standard” has been angiography. This method may fail to demonstrate the dissection, however, due to overlap of the true and false lumens or a very thin flap that is imaged en face rather than tangentially. Computed tomography has a diagnostic accuracy of 95%, but can fail to image the dissection due to technical factors or a thrombosed false hunen. Magnetic resonance imaging requires a hemodynamically stable and cooperative patient. A diagnostic algorithm is proposed for diagnosis of aortic dissection based on renal function and the surgeon's imaging modality preference.     

颈部Ⅱ～Ⅳ区副神经和耳大神经及颈横神经临床解剖学研究

目的 研究颈部Ⅱ～Ⅳ区副神经和颈丛耳大、颈横神经解剖标志,为颈部Ⅱ～Ⅳ区功能性颈淋巴结清扫术提供临床解剖资料.方法 在42例(56侧)Ⅱ～Ⅳ区颈淋巴结清扫术中,重点观测副神经、颈丛耳大神经和颈横神经的行程、分布以及与周围毗邻结构关系.结果 副神经进入胸锁乳突肌点距乳突尖的距离(4.93±0.75)cm:其穿出胸锁乳突肌后缘点均位于耳大神经出肌点上方,两者出肌点的距离(1.04±0.59)cm;副神经出肌点到锁骨中点距离(8.09±0.65)cm.颈丛耳大神经穿出胸锁乳突肌后缘后在下颌角水平分支,出肌点与分支点的距离(6.37±0.73)cm:耳大神经出肌点到锁骨中点距离(7.67±1.00)cm,耳大神经与前方颈外静脉在同一层面,大多数病例中两者几乎平行,两者距离(1.02±0.61)cm.颈横神经于耳大神经下方穿出胸锁乳突肌后缘后近水平在其浅面并于颈外静脉深面向前,其分支点变异较大,分支后呈扇形向前分布颈侧.颈部左右侧各测量数据差异无统计学意义.结论 深入了解副神经和颈丛耳大神经、颈横神经临床解剖资料,功能性颈清扫时保留其功能是可行的.     

多普勒超声心动图对主动脉夹层诊断的评价

本文报道了5例主动脉夹层的多普勒超声心动图的阳性所见,其中4例为DeBakey Ⅲ型,1例为Ⅰ型。其阳性所见;(1)4例降主动脉增宽,1例升主动脉增宽;(2)与脉搏同步的摆动性内膜瓣在腹主动脉内最清楚见到,并在收缩期有红色血流填充;(3)2例在主动脉弓远端可见撕裂口;(4)降主动脉双腔形成,真腔内有彩色血流填充,假腔内则无。以上阳性所见对诊断本病起重要作用。     

腔内修复术治疗DeBakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤中远期疗效评价

目的 探讨腔内修复术治疗DeBakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的中远期疗效.方法 2000年11月至2006年2月,行腔内修复术治疗DeBakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤56例.所有患者随访21～84个月,平均(52±8)个月,术后1周及术后每年均行螺旋CT检查,分析其临床特点及治疗效果.结果 55例(98.2%)临床成功,2例(3.6%)术后出现一过性肾功能不全,术后30 d内1例(1.8%)死于多器官功能衰竭,,随访期间1例(1.8%)死于脑出血.结论 腔内修复术创伤小,痊愈快,并发症少,应视为DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的首选治疗方法.     

Two cases of spontaneous middle cerebral arterial dissection causing ischemic stroke

Spontaneous middle cerebral arterial dissection (MCAD) is a rare cause of ischemic stroke. We report two cases of isolated spontaneous MCAD causing ischemic stroke. MCAD should be considered when a young patient has a middle cerebral artery territory infarct with stenosis at the origin of the middle cerebral artery. We discuss noninvasive radiological techniques for the diagnosis of MCAD.     

Dissected Aorta Repair Through Stent Implantation trial: Canadian results

Objectives

We describe the Canadian results of the Ascyrus Medical Dissection Stent (AMDS), a novel partially uncovered aortic arch hybrid graft implanted antegrade during hypothermic circulatory arrest to promote true lumen expansion and enhance aortic remodeling.

Limited role of aortic size in the genesis of acute type A aortic dissection

Objective: Increased dimension of the aortic root and proximal aorta is considered a significant risk factor for catastrophic events that involve the ascending aorta. The objective of this study was to determine the possible correlation between pre-dissection aortic diameter and the occurrence of Stanford type A aortic dissection. Methods: Samples of dissected ascending aortas were obtained from 220 patients at the time of their operation. Two groups were identified: patients with connective tissue disorders (Group 1, n = 94) and those without (Group 2, n = 126). Measurements of the true (intimal) lumen were conducted and extrapolated as reliable approximation of pre-dissection aortic diameter. The possible association of intimal diameter with anthropometric and demographic data was analyzed. Results: Median aortic diameter was, respectively, 41.8 and 41.3 mm for patients with and without connective tissue disorders (41.4 mm for the entire cohort). Data analysis indicated that 57% of patients had aortic diameter above 40 mm, while patients with frank aneurysm accounted only for 10%; this proportion was higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (17.2% vs 4.7%). Poor or no correlation was demonstrated between aortic size and any of the anthropometric or demographic variables essayed. Significant subgroup differences were found among patients with a history of cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes, chronic renal insufficiency, and bicuspid aortic valve. Conclusion: Although aortic diameter remains a strong indication for preventive surgery in patients with inherited connective tissue disorders, acute aortic dissection occurs rarely in the setting of true ascending aortic aneurysms, and despite normal or near-normal aortic size in more than one-third of subjects. Dissection superimposing on small aortic diameters can be regarded as an expression of substantial functional tissue susceptibility to aortic catastrophic events.     

前列腺指裂术治疗小体积前列腺增生

目的评价前列腺指裂术治疗小体积前列腺增生（体积〈30g）致膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）的疗效。方法对36例小体积前列腺增生致BOO患者行前列腺指裂术,比较国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、最大尿流率（Qmax）及残余尿量（PRV）治疗前后变化,评价该术式疗效。结果所有患者均行前列腺指裂术。IPSS由术前14．19±5．35降至术后5．03±2．66（P〈0．001）,Qmax由术前Qmax（6．19±2．14）ml／s升至术后（17．71±4．10）ml／s（P〈0．001）,PRV由术前（50．58±14．84）ml降至术后（8．53±4．78）ml（P〈0．001）。共33例患者获随访,术后随访平均32个月（9—52个月）。结论前列腺指裂术是治疗小体积前列腺增生致膀胱出口梗阻较为理想的方法。     

透明质酸钠、甘油果糖混合液黏膜下注射行内镜黏膜下剥离术:26例临床分析

背景:内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)逐渐成为消化道早期癌症和癌前病变的首选治疗手段,但目前对术中选择何种黏膜下注射液尚未达成共识。目的:评估ESD术中黏膜下注射透明质酸钠、甘油果糖混合液的临床价值。方法:纳入2007年12月～2009年8月扬州市第一人民医院收治的26例经染色内镜和内镜超声检查诊断为消化道黏膜及黏膜下病变的患者,黏膜下注射透明质酸钠、甘油果糖混合液行ESD治疗,分析操作一般情况、剥离成功率以及穿孔发生率。结果:本组患者切除标本最大长径1.3～4.3cm,平均2.6cm;ESD操作时间28～162min,平均62.6min;平均黏膜下注射量为26.6ml。剥离成功率92.3%。1例食管平滑肌瘤术后出现纵隔气肿,经保守治疗后痊愈,穿孔发生率3.8%。ESD术后患者平均住院时间为4.2d,平均随访4.5个月,复查内镜示创面基本愈合,无复发。结论:黏膜下注射透明质酸钠、甘油果糖混合液行ESD的疗效良好,安全性高。     

应用短支架象鼻治疗Stanford B型夹层

目的回顾性总结胸降主动脉替换联合短支架象鼻手术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层经验。资料:自2003年8月～2006年3月,18例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者接受近端胸降主动脉替换联合短支架象鼻手术,急性夹层9例,慢性夹层9例。男性16例,女性2例,年龄为43.67±7.75(28～55)岁。主动脉阻断联合远端灌注12例,均采用股股转流,远端灌注时间为25.5±8.6(15～40)分钟,远端开放吻合时间为12.3±2.4(8～15)分钟;单纯主动脉阻断联合血泵法血液回收股静脉输入4例,阻断时间为21.3±2.8(18～24)分钟;深低温停循环2例,停循环时间分别为20,22分钟。结果无住院死亡。脊髓损伤2例:截瘫1例,于随访期间失访;左下肢无力1例,于随访期间痊愈。术后多发性单神经病1例,脑出血1例,均于随访期间痊愈。1例因人工血管吻合部位出血行二次开胸,术后痊愈出院。平均随访19.47±7.98(6～34)月。出院时CT扫描示支架象鼻周围假腔均闭塞形成血栓,2例膈肌水平存在开放假腔。3～6个月后,膈肌水平假腔均形成血栓闭塞。随访期间无死亡及其它并发症发生。结论胸降主动脉替换联合短支架象鼻手术是治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的安全有效的手术方法,可促进假腔闭合,改善长期效果。