无症状心肌缺血心率变异性分析

目的:探讨无症状心肌缺血的昼夜节律变化与心脏自主神经的关系。方法:对无症状心肌缺血者及健康者均进行24小时动态心电监护,从而分析其心率变异性(HRV)。结果:无症状心肌缺血组的HRV较正常对照组的HRV明显下降(P<0.05);无症状心肌缺血组其白天的HRV较夜间下降更低,存在明显的昼夜节律变化(P<0.05)。结论:无症状心肌缺血的发生与交感神经活性增强、迷走神经活性减低有关,自主神经受损是无症状心肌缺血的一个重要因素。     

Comparison of chemical compositions and osteoprotective effects of different sections of velvet antler

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Velvet antlers (VA) have been claimed for centuries to have numerous medical benefits including strengthen bones. To investigate and compare the anti-osteoporotic activities from different sections of VA.

Materials and methods

Fresh VA prepared from farmed sika deers (Cervus nippon) was divided into upper (VAU), middle (VAM), and basal (VAB) sections. The chemical constituents and anti-osteoporotic effect of different sections from VA were evaluated using ovariectomized rats.

Results

Levels of water-soluble extracts, diluted alcoholic extract, amino acids, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1and testosterone plus estradiol significantly differed among the different sections. Levels of these constituents were significantly higher in the upper section than in the basal section. Moreover, levels of testosterone and IGF-1 of the VAM were also significantly higher than those of the VAB. Calcium level increased downward from the tip with statistical significance. The strength of vertebrae increased in all VA-treated groups compared to the control, but only treatment with VAU and VAM increased the strength of the femur and the microarchitecure of the trabecular bone. Alkaline phosphatase levels of VAU- and VAM-treated groups significantly decreased, but osteocalcin did not significantly change. Moreover, VAU and VAM dose-dependently increased proliferation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells.

Conclusion

Our study provides strong evidence for the regional differences in the effectiveness of velvet antler in treating osteoporosis. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the bioactive chemical constituents associated with the anti-osteoporotic effects of velvet antler.     

Experimental Referred Pain Extends Toward Previously Injured Location: An Explorative Study

Facilitated pain mechanisms have been demonstrated in musculoskeletal pain, but it is unclear whether a recent painful injury leaves the pain system sensitized. Pain characteristics were assessed in individuals who recently recovered from ankle pain (recovered pain group; n?=?25) and sex-matched control subjects (n?=?25) in response to tonic pressure pain and saline-induced pain applied at the shin muscle. Pain intensity and pain referral patterns were recorded bilaterally after the painful muscle stimulus. Pressure pain thresholds were measured at the lower legs and shoulder. Cuff pressure algometry on the lower leg was used to assess pain detection threshold, pressure evoking 6-cm pain score on a 10-cm visual analog scale, pain tolerance, temporal summation of pain, and conditioned pain modulation. Compared with in control subjects, saline-induced and pressure-induced pain in the shin muscle were more frequently felt as referred pain in the previously painful ankle (P < .05), and the pain area within the previously affected ankle was larger after saline-induced pain (P < .05). In the recovered pain group, conditioned pain modulation responses and the cuff pressure needed to reach a 6-cm pain score on a 10-cm visual analog scale was higher in the previously painful leg compared with in the contralateral leg (P < .05). No group differences were found in pressure pain threshold, pain detection threshold, pain tolerance, and temporal summation of pain.

Identification and characterization of SMI32-immunoreactive amacrine cells in the mouse retina

Mammalian neurons express the neural intermediate filament protein neurofilament (NF). In the retina, NFs have been detected primarily in the axons and processes of retinal ganglion and horizontal cells. We found an amacrine cell type that was immunolabeled with an antibody against SMI32, a non-phosphorylated epitope on neurofilament proteins of high molecular weight, in the mouse retina. This type of amacrine cell was non-randomly distributed, and these cells exhibited a central-peripheral density gradient. Most of these cells co-expressed GABA and ChAT, but not glycine or any other amacrine cell marker. These results suggest that some SMI32-immunoreactive amacrine cells belong to a GABAergic population, and that SMI32 can therefore be used as a marker for a subset of amacrine cells in addition to ganglion cells and horizontal cells in the mouse retina.     

Arsenic methylation capacity is associated with breast cancer in northern Mexico

Exposure to environmental contaminants, dietary factors and lifestyles may explain worldwide different breast cancer (BC) incidence. Inorganic arsenic (iAs) in the drinking water is a concern in many regions, such as northern Mexico. Studies in several countries have associated the proportion of urinary monomethylarsenic (%MMA) with increased risks for many As-related diseases, including cancer. To investigate the potential relationships between the risk of BC and the capacity to methylate iAs, a hospital-based case–control study (1016 cases/1028 controls) was performed in northern Mexico. Women were directly interviewed about their reproductive histories. The profile of As metabolites in urine was determined by HPLC-ICP-MS and methylation capacity was assessed by metabolite percentages and indexes. Total urinary As, excluding arsenobetaine (TAs-AsB), ranged from 0.26 to 303.29 μg/L. Most women (86%) had TAs-AsB levels below As biological exposure index (35 μg/L). Women with higher %MMA and/or primary methylation index (PMI) had an increased BC risk (%MMA OR_Q5vs.Q1 = 2.63; 95%CI 1.89,3.66; p for trend < 0.001; PMI OR_Q5vs.Q1 = 1.90; 95%CI 1.39,2.59, p for trend < 0.001). In contrast, women with higher proportion of urinary dimethylarsenic (%DMA) and/or secondary methylation index (SMI) had a reduced BC risk (%DMA OR_Q5vs.Q1 = 0.63; 95%CI 0.45,0.87, p for trend 0.006; SMI OR_Q5vsQ1 = 0.42, 95%CI 0.31,0.59, p for trend < 0.001). Neither %iAs nor total methylation index was associated to BC risk. Inter-individual variations in iAs metabolism may play a role in BC carcinogenesis. Women with higher capacity to methylate iAs to MMA and/or a lower capacity to further methylate MMA to DMA were at higher BC risk.     

肾脏囊性肿物的超声影像学特征及临床研究进展

肾脏囊性肿物仅占全部肾肿物病变的15％,多数恶性肾脏囊性肿物的侵袭性较弱,其死亡率远低于恶性肾脏实性肿物.影像学诊断的不统一导致许多肾脏囊性肿物中的良性病变和惰性肿瘤被切除,造成了不必要的外科伤害.Bosniak分级系统是基于CT来区分肾脏囊性肿物的恶性程度,指导临床实践,并被广泛应用.随着超声技术的革新,采用Bosn...     

Role of Superb Microvascular Imaging in Differentiating Between Malignant and Benign Solid Breast Masses

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) in breast lesions.Materials and MethodsEighty-five solid breast lesions were studied with color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), power Doppler imaging (PDI), monochromatic SMI (mSMI), and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS). The penetrating vessels (PVs) and microvascular morphologic and distribution features of the breast tumors were evaluated for each modality.ResultsThe diagnostic accuracies of CDFI, PDI, mSMI, and CEUS were calculated and compared. Surgical pathologic analysis showed 47 benign and 38 malignant lesions. Compared with CDFI and PDI, mSMI and CEUS detected more PVs in breast lesions. The microvascular architecture showed significant differences between benign and malignant lesions. Benign lesions mainly displayed avascular, line-like, and branch-like patterns, and malignant lesions tended to display root hair-like and crab claw-like patterns. mSMI and CEUS identified more root hair-like and crab claw-like patterns in malignant lesions than CDFI and PDI. The sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy of mSMI findings in diagnosing malignancy based on PVs and vascular patterns were both higher than those of CDFI and PDI.ConclusionsmSMI is equal to CEUS and superior to CDFI and PDI in identifying microvascular and discriminating malignant and benign breast masses.     

血清YKL-40蛋白水平与颈动脉斑块内新生血管形成的关系

目的 探讨血清YKL-40蛋白水平与颈动脉斑块内新生血管形成的关系。方法 收集2015年1月～2016年12月本院超声科首次发现有颈动脉斑块者575例为研究组,以同期无动脉斑块者500例为对照组; 应用超微血管成像(SMI)技术判断斑块内新生血管分级,并检测研究对象的血清YKL-40蛋白、血脂、炎性因子TNF-α、hsCRP、IL-6等指标水平。结果 ①与对照组比较,研究组TC、TG、LDLC水平明显升高,HDLC明显降低(P均<0.05); ②研究组的IL-6、TNF-α、hsCRP、Lp-PLA2、YKL-40蛋白水平与对照组存在明显差异(P<0.05); ③按SMI分级将研究组患者分为4组,4组患者的YKL-40蛋白、IL-6、TNF-α、hsCRP、Lp-PLA2、血脂水平存在明显差异(P均<0.05); ④YKL-40蛋白与炎性因子及血脂指标水平存在相关性(P均<0.05)。结论 血清YKL-40蛋白水平与颈动脉斑块内新生血管形成的严重程度有关,检测YKL-40蛋白水平对判断斑块的稳定性有益。     

Internalized stigma predicts erosion of morale among psychiatric outpatients

Stigma in society causes harm to people with severe mental illness (SMI) and internalized stigma represents its psychological point of impact. We evaluated the extent of internalized stigma in a sample of outpatients with SMI, using the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale, developed with consumer input. About a third of the sample reported high levels of internalized stigma. We tested whether internalized stigma predicted increased depressive symptoms and reduced self-esteem at 4-month follow-up, controlling for baseline levels. Depression was predicted by Alienation, Stereotype Endorsement, Social Withdrawal Scales and total ISMI score. Reduced self-esteem was predicted by Alienation. ISMI results were stronger than those for the widely used Devaluation–Discrimination Scale. The finding that alienation further reduces morale speaks to the difficulty of pulling oneself out of this type of vicious cycle without assistance.