高转换型肾性骨病中骨保护素及其配体的表达和形态计量学观察

目的 观察高转换型肾性骨病中骨保护素及其配体 (OPG，RANKL)的表达，并与骨形态计量学指标进行相关分析。 方法 选择10例慢性肾衰尿毒症患者和3例正常人进行髂骨活检术，获得骨组织标本。采用免疫组化方法检测OPG和RANKL蛋白质的表达。采用全自动图像分析系统进行骨组织形态计量学测定。结果 10例慢性肾衰尿毒症患者经骨病理学检查证实均为高转换型骨病，以破骨细胞活化形成骨吸收陷窝伴或不伴骨矿化不全为特点。免疫组化显示尿毒症患者骨组织中以RANKL阳性表达为主。与正常对照相比，RANKL阳性表达细胞数目显著增加，OPG阳性表达细胞数目显著减少。尿毒症患者RANKL的阳性表达细胞数目与骨吸收面积和破骨细胞数目呈显著正相关。结论 高转换型肾性骨病中，PTH的溶骨作用可能是通过OPG/RANKL/RANK系统介导的。     

Usefulness of osteoprotegerin in assessing responses to neridronate treatment in Paget's disease of bone

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a protein that inhibits of osteoclastogenesis. The aim this study was to evaluate the response of serum OPG levels to neridronate treatment in patients with Paget's disease of bone resistant to previous therapy. Nine patients (4 men) affected by active Paget’s disease of bone (6 polyostotic, 3 monostotic) not responsive to clodronate were studied. Serum OPG, osteocalcin, total and bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (AP and BAP, respectively), and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were measured before and 5 months after neridronate treatment (100 mg/day, i.v. for two days). A scintigraphic activity index (SAI) was also calculated before treatment. Mean baseline OPG levels were within normal values and were not significantly different 5 months after neridronate treatment. In contrast, there were significant reductions in AP (41.9%, p<0.02) and BAP (38.8%, p<0.04). Serum OPG levels correlated with DPD (r=0.925) and SAI (r=0.689). Although OPG is an important regulator of bone metabolism, in our series of already treated patients it was not a sensitive marker for diagnosing Paget's disease and for monitoring the response to pharmacological treatment, whereas AP and BAP confirmed their clinical usefulness. This preliminary study requires confirmation by a study with a larger population.     

Regulatory effects of osteoprotegerin on cellular and humoral immune responses

The interaction between receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and RANK has been reported to regulate immunity in addition to bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine if osteoprotegerin (OPG), an inhibitor of the RANKL-RANK interaction and possibly a new drug against osteoporosis, would adversely affect immunity. OPG was used to treat mice developing different models of cellular and humoral immune responses and also in vitro in T and B cell assays. In mice, OPG does not affect cell-mediated reactions such as contact hypersensitivity to the hapten oxazolone and liver damage, granuloma formation, and infectious load induced by mycobacterial infection. However, OPG increases humoral reactions such as the production of IgM, IgG, and IgE against the T cell dependent antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin and the production of IgM against the T cell independent antigen Pneumovax. In vitro, OPG modestly co-stimulates T cells but does not affect the proliferation of B cells. OPG has modest immunoregulatory effects that seem to be confined to the humoral response to specific antigens.     

正畸远移尖牙方式与龈沟液RANKL／OPG表达比值的相关性研究

目的探讨不同加力方式对牙齿移动速度的影响以及与龈沟液核因子κB受体活化子配体／骨保护素表达比值（RANKL／OPG）的相关性。方法选取双侧对称拔除4颗第一双尖牙的恒牙列患者,随机分为螺旋弹簧施力组和弹力橡皮链施力组,实施尖牙远中移动,分别于加力前,加力2、4、8、12、16、20周测量尖牙移动量和龈沟液RANKL／OPG值。结果加力4周后,螺旋弹簧组每个时间点的尖牙移动量均大于橡皮链组。两组各加力时间点的RANKL／OPG值均有显著差异。尖牙移动到位后和稳定3个月后的定位根尖片均无牙根吸收现象。结论螺旋弹簧组的骨改建作用强于橡皮链组,龈沟液RANKL／OPG值与骨改建过程具有相关性。     

巴戟天水提取物对间充质干细胞成骨分化中OPG/RANKL表达的影响

目的 在成骨诱导条件下,探讨巴戟天水提取物对骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)中骨保护素(OPG)和核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)表达的影响.方法 取原代大鼠MSCs,行碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和茜素红染色,确定其成骨分化能力;使用0 (对照组)、10 g/L (M1组)及100 g/L (M2组)浓度的巴戟天水提取物处理MSCs细胞,在成骨诱导的条件下干预7 d,收集细胞培养液,并提取细胞的总RNA及总蛋白,采用ELISA法检测培养液中OPG/RANKL的分泌水平,采用Real-time PCR及Western Blot检测MSCs的OPG/RANKL基因和蛋白表达水平.结果 经ALP和茜素红染色可见MSCs着色明显.M1处理组和M2处理组OPG/RANKL基因表达水平较对照组上升,分别为(29.0±6.3)%和(60.0±5.4)%;同时M1及M2组细胞培养液中OPG/RANKL的蛋白分泌水平分别较对照组上升(17.0±4.1)%和(39.0±6.4)%;通过Western Blot检测,M1组及M2组OPG/RANKL的蛋白表达较对照组上升(20.0±4.3)%和(35.0±4.3)%.以上结果经统计学分析,其差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 巴戟天水提取物可以提升MSCs细胞分泌的OPG/RANKL水平,改善骨质疏松患者OPG/RANKL比例失衡状况,这是巴戟天抗骨质疏松的主要机制.     

重叠延伸PCR法在合成人骨保护素N端编码序列中的应用

目的：获得人骨保护素(OPG)N端D1-D4结构域编码序列。方法：OPGN端D1-D4域仅由2个外显子编码。采用改良方法自人血标本提取基因组DNA，以此DNA作为模板，PCR分别扩增OPG基因外显子2和外显子3，并使外显子2的3’引物和外显子3的5’引物具有相互重叠的一段序列。以2种PCR产物的混合物作为模板，采用重叠延伸法再次进行PCR，扩增产物克隆于载体pGEM—Teasy进行序列分析。结果：PCR扩增得到N端编码序列，序列分析证实该序列完全正确。结论：重叠延伸PCR法合成人OPGN端编码序列的完成为基因工程研制有生物活性蛋白提供了可行的技术手段。     

前列腺素E2调节成骨细胞核因子-κB受体激活物配基和护骨素表达的信号通路研究

目的 探讨前列腺素E2(PGE2)对大鼠成骨细胞核因子-κB受体激活物配基(RANKL)和护骨素(OPG)mRNA表达的调节及其信号转导机制.方法 培养大鼠UMR106成骨细胞,采用不同浓度的PGE:和不同的信号通路调节剂干预细胞后,提取细胞总RNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测RANKL和OPG mRNA的表达水平.结果 PGE2、福司可林和db-cAMP均促进RANKL mRNA表达和抑制OPG mRNA的表达,RANKL mRNA表达分别为对照组的2.8倍(P=0.002)、2.2倍(P=0.006)和2.1倍(P=0.005).OPG mRNA表达分别为对照组的12%(P<0.01)、85%(P=0.005)和70%(P=0.013).A23187则下调RANKL和OPG表达58%(P=0.002)和53%(P=0.017).KT-5720下调PGE2诱导的RANKL mRNA表达约53%(P<0.01),而白屈菜红碱、维拉帕米、钙调蛋白抑制剂(W7、KN-62和PD98059)则对PGE:诱导的RANKL mRNA表达无明显影响(P>0.05).KT-5720、维拉帕米和W7分别阻断PGE2对OPG mRNA表达的抑制作用47%(P=0.01)、38%(P=0.029)和43%(P<0.01),而KN-62、PD98059和白屈菜红碱则均不影响PGE2对OPG表达的调节(P>0.05).结论 PKA信号通路介导了PGE2诱导的RANKL表达,而PGE2对OPG表达的下调作用则由PKA和Ca2+钙调蛋白信号通路介导.     

Effect of sumac extract on serum oxidative status,RANKL/OPG system and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis in rats

Objectives

Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) is widely used spice which has several properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. The purpose of this animal study was to evaluate the effects of sumac extract on levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression, serum oxidative status, and alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis.

Material and Methods

Twenty-four Wistar rats were separated into three groups: non-ligated (NL, n=8), ligature only (LO, n=8), and ligature and treated with sumac extract (S, n=8) (20 mg/kg per day for 11 days). A 4/0 silk suture was placed around the mandibular right first molars subgingivally; after 11 days, the rats were sacrificed, and alveolar bone loss was histometrically measured. The detection of RANKL and OPG were immunohistochemically performed. Levels of serum total antioxidant status (TAS)/total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were also analyzed.

Results

Alveolar bone loss was significantly greater in the LO group compared to the S and NL groups (p<0.05). The number of inflammatory cell infiltrate (ICI) and osteoclasts in the LO group was significantly higher than that of the NL and S groups (p<0.05). The number of osteoblasts in the LO and S groups was significantly higher than that of the NL group (p<0.05). There were significantly more RANKL-positive cells in the LO group than in the S and NL groups (p<0.05). OPG-positive cells were higher in S group than in LO and NL groups (p<0.05). TOS and OSI levels were significantly reduced in S group compared to LO group (P<0.05) and TAS levels were similar in S and NL group (p>0.05).

Conclusions

The present study showed that systemic administration of sumac extract may reduce alveolar bone loss by affecting RANKL/OPG balance, TOS and OSI levels in periodontal disease in rats.     

血清TNF-α IL-1β OPG与2型糖尿病合并冠心病的关系探讨

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子α（ TNF-α）、白介素-1β（ IL-1β）、血清骨保护素（ OPG）与2型糖尿病合并冠心病的关系。方法入选健康个体（对照组）和2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者（冠心病组）各30例,用ELISA方法测定TNF-α、IL-1β、OPG,生化法测定血糖及糖化血红蛋白,并观察组间各指标的变化及相互关系。结果2型糖尿病合并冠心病组血清空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、OPG明显高于对照组（ P均＜0.01）, TNF-α、IL-1β高于对照组（ P均＜0.05）。 Spearman 相关分析显示, OPG与 TNF-α、IL-1β呈显著正相关（ P 均＜0.01）。结论血糖、糖化血红蛋白、TNF-α、IL-1β、OPG在2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者中明显增高,OPG与TNF-α、IL-1β改变有关。     

淫羊藿苷抑制牙龈卟啉单胞菌超声提取物对人牙周膜细胞增殖及骨保护素表达的影响

目的 探讨不同浓度淫羊藿苷抑制牙龈卟啉单胞菌超声提取物对人牙周膜细胞增殖及骨保护素（OPG）表达的影响.方法 体外培养人牙周膜细胞,用四唑盐（MTT）法检测不同浓度淫羊藿苷（0、0.001、0.01、0.1、1 μg/ml）及50μg/ml牙龈卟啉单胞菌超声提取物,不同时间（24、48、72h）作用下人牙周膜细胞的增殖水平.用RT-PCR及Western blot检测48h人牙周膜细胞骨保护素mRNA和蛋白的表达.结果 淫羊藿苷从0.01～1μg/ml对人牙周膜细胞增殖及骨保护素mRNA和蛋白的表达有促进作用（P＜0.01）,浓度为0.1μg/ml作用最显著.结论 淫羊藿苷可抑制牙龈卟啉单胞菌超声提取物对人牙周膜细胞增殖及骨保护素mRNA和蛋白表达的影响,促进人牙周膜细胞增殖及骨保护素mRNA和蛋白表达.