腓动脉穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管长轴皮瓣的应用解剖及其临床应用

目的 报道吻合血管的腓动脉穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管长轴皮瓣的应用解剖及其临床应用效果.方法 10侧下肢标本采用有色乳胶经腘动脉灌注,解剖观测腓动脉穿支血管的分布、走行及管径,寻找适合用于吻合血管的穿支血管.2007年4月至2010年1月,采用吻合血管的腓动脉穿支蒂腓神经营养血管长轴皮瓣游离移植修复前臂及手部大面积软组织缺损6例.缺损范围15 cm × 6 cm～45cm×10 cm.皮瓣面积为16 cm×8 cm～30 cm×10 cm,血管蒂长4～6 cm.结果 腓动脉沿途平均发出5.3支穿支血管,在腓骨中下1/3交界处存在恒定的适合用于吻合血管的穿支血管,血管外径为(1.21±0.13)mm,血管蒂长(4.6±0.8)cm.6例皮瓣完全存活,随访3～12个月,皮瓣质地优良,外形与功能恢复满意.结论 以腓动脉穿支为蒂的腓肠神经营养血管长轴皮瓣切取范围大,穿支血管蒂长,管径适中,血供可靠,对小腿功能影响小,是临床修复前臂及手部大面积软组织缺损的良好选择.     

Dorsal branches of superficial radial nerve: an anatomic study with potential clinical applications

An anatomical study was performed to assess the course of the dorsal branches of superficial radial nerve and to investigate potential clinical applications in hand surgery. Eight upper extremities were dissected, using an operating microscope. All branching points of the superficial radial nerve were noted and the distances from the radial styloid process were recorded. Their proximity to neighboring vascular structures was noted. The superficial branches of the radial nerve can vascularize axial neurofasciocutaneous flaps via their paraneural arterial network. In addition, various reverse neurofasciocutaneous flaps may be harvested, based on dorsal branches of the superficial radial nerve. The nerve can be anastomosed with a suitable nerve in the recipient area. The dorsal branches of the superficial radial nerve can easily be added to the reverse first dorsal metacarpal artery flap and other reverse dorsal metacarpal artery flaps, thus making it possible to form a sensate flap. These branches may be anastomosed with nerves in the recipient site, such as dorsal branches of digital nerve stump, without significant donor site morbidity. A free sensate first dorsal artery flap can be prepared with a combination of dorsal branches of the superficial radial nerve and used with the same indications as a free digital artery flap. It has some advantages over the free digital artery flap, because the main neurovascular structures of the finger are kept intact. Finally, a dorsal nerve branch which accompanies the first dorsal metacarpal artery may be harvested with this artery and a subcutaneous dorsal vein as vascularized nerve graft. It can be used to repair a digital nerve defect in dense scar tissue. Received: 3 January 2000     

小腿远端不同穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣的应用

目的 探讨应用小腿远端不同穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复小腿下段和足踝部软组织缺损的适应证和临床效果.方法 对24例小腿下段和足踝部软组织缺损的患者,优选5种不同的小腿远端穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣进行修复,其中腓动脉外踝后上穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣7例,外踝后穿支筋膜蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣2例,腓动脉高位穿支蒂腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣2例,腓动脉外踝前上穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣8例,胫后动脉内踝上穿支蒂隐神经营养血管皮瓣5例.皮瓣切取面积为5 cm ×4 cm ～ 14 cm× 12 cm.结果 除了1例腓动脉外踝前上穿支蒂腓浅神经营养血管皮瓣发生远端部分坏死之外,其余皮瓣术后均顺利成活,切口均一期愈合.15例患者获得1～36个月的随访,皮瓣色泽、质地及厚薄较为满意,供、受区外形与功能恢复也较为满意.结论 根据小腿下段和足踝部软组织缺损的具体情况,并结合小腿远端不同穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣的特点,选择最适宜的皮瓣加以修复,多能以供区最小的代价获得最佳的受区效果.     

不同血管蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣的比较研究

目的通过观察兔不同血管蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣模型,分析不同蒂部结构对皮瓣成活的影响,探讨穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣最佳切取方法。方法健康新西兰大白兔40只,雌雄不限,体重2.5～3.0 kg。随机取一侧后肢外侧设计大小为7 cm×1 cm、蒂长0.5 cm的皮神经营养血管皮瓣。根据切取皮瓣蒂部的不同随机分为4组,每组10只。其中A组制备单穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣,B组为筋膜蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣,C组为穿支筋膜蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣,D组原位回植皮神经营养血管皮瓣。术后第7天观察皮瓣成活情况,记录成活率;应用激光多普勒血流探测仪监测皮瓣中段动脉血流灌注情况,测量血液灌流(perfusion unit,PU)值。结果术后A、B组皮瓣无明显肿胀,皮瓣近端色泽红润,远端苍白;C组皮瓣肿胀明显,但逐渐减退,皮瓣远端皮肤苍白;D组皮瓣逐渐变黑。术后第7天,A、B、C、D组皮瓣成活率分别为74.0%±2.7%、60.0%±2.5%、75.0%±3.5%、0,皮瓣中段PU值分别为83.39±4.25、28.96±13.49、81.85±5.93、8.10±3.36。以上两指标A、B、C组与D组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);A、C组与B组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A、C组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论兔单穿支蒂皮神经营养血管皮瓣血供可靠、成活面积稳定,早期皮瓣静脉回流障碍发生率低,是皮神经营养血管皮瓣较好的切取方法。