p,V, T and derived thermodynamic data for toluene,trichloromethane, dichloromethane,acetonitrile, aniline,and n-dodecane

Experimentally determined p,V,T data are reported for toluene, trichloromethane, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, aniline, and n-dodecane at 278, 288, 298, 313, and 323 K, except for dichloromethane, for which the highest temperature was 298 K. At each temperature, measurements were done at pressures up to about 280 MPa or (for aniline and n-dodecane) at a lower pressure slightly below the freezing pressure at the temperature of measurement. Values of the isobaric expansivity isothermal compressibility and (for toluene, trichloromethane, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile) internal pressure, derived from the p,V,T data, are presented.     

加强协调促进甲烷氯化物企业健康有序发展

回顾了我国甲烷氯化物行业的发展概况，着重介绍了甲烷氯化物下游产品对该行业的影响。提出促进甲烷氯化物行业健康有序发展的建议。     

酶解产物人参皂苷Rh_2、Rh_3的二氯甲烷层析分离

人参皂苷Rh2、Rh3具有一定的抗癌作用,而这些稀有皂苷在传统红参中的含量甚微。为了获得纯度较高的人参皂苷单体,将人参二醇类皂苷经酶转化等方法处理,得到以人参皂苷Rh2和Rh3为主的混合物。常压下,用二氯甲烷-甲醇作为洗脱液变换梯度进行硅胶柱分离,分别采用流动相V(二氯甲烷)∶V(甲醇)=7∶0.10、7∶0.13、7∶0.15、7∶0.18、7∶0.2、7∶0.3渐变梯度进行洗脱,当流动相V(二氯甲烷)∶V(甲醇)=7∶0.3时,成功分离出人参皂苷Rh2和Rh3。经高效液相色谱检测,为反式的二十、二十二碳烯Rh3和顺式的二十、二十二碳烯Rh3(即Rk2)混合物,纯度达到95%以上;也得到较纯的Rh2,经高效液相色谱检测为20(S)-Rh2和20(R)-Rh2异构体的混合物,纯度达到85%以上。     

顶空气相色谱法测定氯甲烷工业废水中挥发性卤代烃

以角鲨烷为固定液,氢火焰检测器检测,医用100 mL输液瓶为气液平衡瓶的顶空气相色谱法分离分析了氯甲烷工业废水中的二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷和四氯化碳。在选定的条件下,结果重现性好、准确度高,方法简便易行。     

生物滴滤床法降解二氯甲烷废气的因素影响特征

二氯甲烷作为溶剂广泛应用于制药行业,其挥发性废气对人类健康和大气环境的危害极大。本文采用生物滴滤床对某制药厂浓度范围在0.02~2g/m³的二氯甲烷废气进行了为期132天的中试规模实验。在适宜的停留时间、温度、喷淋量和pH等实验条件下,控制适当的进气浓度可得到高效去除效率并且废气出口浓度达标。实验揭示了生物膜内生物降解是过程的限制因素,结果表明,在喷淋量为1200L/h、进气浓度范围为0.45~0.65g/m³时该生物系统去除效率最高可达98.9%,最大去除负荷可达EC_max=155.25g/(m³·h)。随着进气浓度的增加,去除负荷随之增大,而去除效率下降,废气出口浓度超标,表明生物滴滤系统已处于反应控制。此外,间歇实验表明,该生物系统具有良好的稳定性。指出生物滴滤床的设计、运行取决于当地的二氯甲烷废气排放标准。     

国内甲烷氯化物市场前景分析

根据对国内二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷的生产和消费情况的分析,并结合美国和欧盟对二氯甲烷和R22的限用和禁用情况,认为国内甲烷氯化物市场正在进入逐渐萎缩的阶段,甲烷氯化物行业已经走过发展期,正在进入过渡期。     

甲烷氯化物生产技术进展

介绍了甲烷氯化物(一氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳)的国内外生产方法,认为我国应尽快发展规模化经济,加速四氯化碳向二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷的工艺转换,开发更多的甲烷氯化物衍生物。     

两相滴定法分析阴离子表面活性剂含量——二氯甲烷替代三氯甲烷在洗衣粉检测分析中的应用

国标GB/T5173阴离子活性物的测定用两相滴定法,在水和三氯甲烷的两相介质中,在酸性混合指示剂存在下,用阳离子表面活性剂海明1622滴定,测定阴离子活性物。在该反应的基础上,应用二氯甲烷代替三氯甲烷,结果表明,该法具有良好的精密度和准确度(标准差s=0.036,相对标准偏差RSD=0.24%),并且二氯甲烷的毒性只有三氯甲烷的1/10,用二氯甲烷替代三氯甲烷对洗衣粉阴离子含量的检测,具有经济性、安全性、实用性的明显优势。     

金属离子改性活性炭对二氯甲烷/三氯甲烷吸附性能的影响

主要研究了不同金属改性活性炭对三氯甲烷和二氯甲烷吸附性能的影响.采用浸渍法将4种不同金属离子负载改性活性炭,测定了三氯甲烷和二氯甲烷在改性活性炭上的吸附透过曲线,应用软硬酸碱理论分析和讨论了活性炭表面负载不同金属离子对二氯甲烷吸附性能的影响.结果表明,不同金属负载活性炭对三氯甲烷和二氯甲烷的吸附能力依次为:Fe(Ⅲ)-AC＞Mg(Ⅱ)-AC＞Cu(Ⅱ)-AC＞AC＞Ag(I)-AC,根据软硬酸碱理论分类,三氯甲烷和二氯甲烷属于硬碱,当活性炭表面负载硬酸类金属离子Fe~(3+)、Mg~(2+),增大了活性炭表面的硬酸性,对三氯甲烷和二氯甲烷的吸附能力加强,Ag~+属于软酸,它的负载局部增强了活性炭表面的软酸性,降低了其对三氯甲烷和二氯甲烷的吸附能力.     

Comparison of biological reactors (biofilter,biotrickling filter and modified RBC) for treating dichloromethane vapors

BACKGROUND: Bioreactors used for waste gas and odor treatment have gained acceptance in recent years to treat volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Different types of bioreactors (biofilter, biotrickling filter and rotating biological reactor) have been used for waste gas treatment. Most studies reported in the literature have used one of these systems to treat several types of inorganic and organic gases either individually or in mixtures. Each of these reactors has some advantages and some limitations. Though biodegradation is the main process for the removal of pollutants, the mechanisms of removal and the microbial communities may differ among these bioreactors. Consequently their performance or removal efficiency may also be different. RESULTS: At low loading rate (<35 g m^?3 h^?1), all three bioreactors showed comparable removal efficiencies and elimination capacity, but at higher loading rates, rotating biological contactors (RBC) showed a better performance with higher removal efficiency (40–50%) than both the biofilter and biotrickling filter (20–40%). The biofilter showed a sharp drop in removal efficiency and elimination capacity at high loading rates. CONCLUSIONS: The modified RBC had no clogging problems and no increase in pressure drop when compared with the other bioreactors. It can thus handle pollutant load for a longer period of time. This is the first study attempting to compare the performance of three different bioreactors for removal of the same VOC under different conditions. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry