Single and combined deactivating effect of alkali metals and HCl on commercial SCR catalysts

Two commercial SCR catalysts, with a nominal W content of about 9 wt.% and a V nominal content of 0.55 and 1.8 wt.%, respectively, were contacted with different amounts of Na and K and with HCl vapours in order to simulate poisoning by species more specifically contained in exhaust gases from MSW combustion. Catalysts were characterised using XRD analysis, SEM/EDX analysis, BET and pore size distribution measurements, NH₃ TPD, TG analysis. Poisoning agents do not cause loss of surface area nor pore occlusion. A significant loss of surface acidity was observed upon alkali metals poisoning whereas a decreasing of vanadium content was observed for the more concentrated catalysts upon HCl poisoning. Catalysts deactivation is proportional to the number of acid sites neutralised by alkali metals adsorbing ammonia in the temperature range typical of SCR process. HCl promotes the formation of new acid sites showing a lower activity compared to the original one.     

Preparation,characterization and in vitro drug release properties of polytrimethylene carbonate/polyadipic anhydride blend microspheres

Polyadipic anhydride (PAA), an aliphatic polyanhydride, and polytrimethylene carbonate (PTMC), an aliphatic polycarbonate, were synthesized via ring opening polymerization of oxepan‐2,7‐dione and melt‐condensation of trimethylene carbonate (1,3 dioxan‐2‐one), respectively. PTMC–PAA blend microspheres containing different ratios of buprenorphine HCl (2, 5, and 10%) were prepared by an oil‐in‐oil emulsion solvent removal method. Microspheres with different ratios of PTMC–PAA (85/15, 70/30, and 55/45) containing 5% buprenorphine HCl were prepared. Microspheres were spherical with visible cracks and pores on the surface. The average particle size of microspheres was around 200 μm for all microspheres. Drug loading efficiency of PTMC–PAA microspheres (85/15, 70/30, and 55/45) was 97.2, 95.2, and 70.2%, respectively. With the increase in the PTMC ratio, the melting point and the enthalpy of melting were both decreased. The mechanism for drug release from PTMC–PAA blend microspheres were generally a combination of drug diffusion through polymers and biodegradation of the polymers. In first three days, the release from microspheres followed zero order kinetics and was dependent on the PAA content. After three days the drug release from microspheres followed first order kinetics. In conclusion it was demonstrated that buprenorphine HCl release from microspheres could be successfully controlled by using different ratios of PTMC–PAA blends. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2377–2383, 2006     

The inhibitive effect of poly(p‐toluidine) on corrosion of iron in 1M HCL solutions

In recent years, polymer amines have been recognized as an excellent corrosion inhibitors for iron in acid solutions. In this work, the inhibitive effect of p‐toluidine and poly(p‐toluidine) on corrosion of iron in 1M HCl has been studied by the electrochemical methods such as impedance, linear polarization, Tafel polarization techniques. The effectiveness of poly(p‐toluidine) was found to be high in comparison with that of monomer. The results showed that p‐toluidine and poly(p‐toluidine) suppressed both cathodic and anodic processes of iron dissolution in 1M HCl. The inhibition efficiency of both p‐toluidine and poly(p‐toluidine) were found to increase with the inhibitor concentrations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

浅谈电厂凝汽器应用化学清洗的优点

叙述了凝汽器铜管化学清洗的优点和在清洗过程中必须注意的几个问题，并且用实例进一步说明化学清洗还能够有效防止凝汽器铜管的腐蚀     

聚四氟乙烯在烃化器上的应用

应用四氟衬里技术，成功地解决AlCl3液相法制乙苯存在的HCI对烃化器的腐蚀。     

Corrosion of Three Commercial Steels Under ZnCl2 –KCl Deposits in a Reducing Atmosphere Containing HCl and H2S at 400–500°C

The corrosion of three commercial steels in a reducing atmosphere containing HCl plus H₂S in the presence of ZnCl₂–KCl deposits has been investigated at 400–500°C and compared with the corrosion of the same materials in a similar gas mixture free from H₂S. The presence of H₂S in the gas accelerated the corrosion of the three commercial steels beneath ZnCl₂–KCl deposits. All materials suffered from severe corrosion with partial detachment and spalling of the external scales. Degradation of the steels resulted from the penetration of chlorine-containing species through the scale formed initially down to the metal matrix, because chorine-rich species were detected close to the alloy/scale interface. Although the corrosion resistance generally increased with increasing Cr content, even the high-Cr stainless steel SS304 is still unable to provide good corrosion resistance against the ZnCl₂–KCl deposits in the presence of H₂S due to the bad adherence of the scales to the alloy. The mechanisms of attack are discussed on the basis of thermodynamic considerations and of the active-oxidation model.     

Low Temperature Dechlorination of Densified Refuse Derived Fuel in Pyrolysis

Study on behavior of chlorine contained in oval-shaped densified refuse derived fuel (d-RDF) prepared from municipal solid waste in pyrolysis was carried out by means of temperature-programmed electrical furnace, and the gas evolving from pyrolysis was investigated by FFIR. De-HC1 rate was calculated by determining the emission fraction of HC1 in the flue gas and the fraction of C1 left in the pyrolysis residue. The results show that C1 in the d-RDF releases primarily in the form of HC1 during the pyrolysis, and the initial releasing temperature of HC1 enhances with the increase of heating rate. Meanwhile, the higher the end temperature of pyrolysis, the more the C1 released. De-HCl rate is about 70% when the end temperature of pyrolysis is around 600℃. Besides, mechanism of C1 release is discussed.     

~(13)C,~(15)N_3-盐酸氨基脲合成方法的优化

采用13C,15N2双标记尿素和15N2标记水合肼为原料,经回流反应一步合成13C,15N3-盐酸氨基脲。通过单因素考察和正交实验对13C,15N3-盐酸氨基脲的合成工艺进行优化,得到最优反应条件为:15N2-水合肼与13C,15N2-尿素的进料摩尔比为1.4∶1,加热温度为135℃,反应时间为4.5 h。采用此优化合成条件单步合成反应收率90%,13C,15N3-盐酸氨基脲纯度≥98%,13C丰度≥97%,15N丰度≥99%。结果显示,该方法具有反应周期短,产物收率高,后处理简便易行等优点。     

盐酸水解DNS比色法快速测定甘薯淀粉含量的标准方法研究

以经典费林试剂滴定法为标准法，对6mol/L盐酸水解，3，5－二硝基水杨酸比色（简称DNS比色法）快速测定甘薯淀粉含量标准化方法进行了研究，探讨了准确度和精密度，提出了消除胡萝卜素和花青素色素干扰的方法。     

磷酸酯基咪唑啉化合物的合成及其在HCl水溶液中的腐蚀抑制机理

目的通过三乙烯四胺和苯甲酸合成IMBT,再利用IMBT、H3PO3和甲醛经过曼尼希反应制得IMBTM,并探究其对碳钢在HCl水溶液中的缓蚀作用。方法采用动态失重法、电化学技术以及热力学等方法研究缓蚀剂IMBT和IMBTM在60℃、1 mol/L的盐酸溶液中对10#碳钢的缓蚀性能和吸附规律。结果利用IR对产物进行表征,均得到了产物特征峰。在动态失重试验中,IMBT和IMBTM两种缓蚀剂的质量浓度为3 g/L时,碳钢的腐蚀速率分别为3.92、2.94 g/(m2·h),缓蚀剂的缓蚀率分别为79.65%和84.75%。极化曲线试验表明随着两种缓蚀剂浓度增加,腐蚀电位正移,阳极电流密度下降明显。交流阻抗的测试显示随着两种缓蚀剂浓度增大,容抗弧半径逐渐增大,且在相同浓度下,添加IMBTM时的容抗弧半径更大。另外,随着缓蚀剂浓度的增加,拟合参数Rct增大、Cdl减小,证明缓蚀剂在金属表面取代了水,并吸附成膜。研究等温吸附模型,发现数据带入Langmuir等温吸附方程后,表现出了很好的线性关系。结论在1 mol/L HCl溶液中,IMBT和IMBTM对10#碳钢均有缓蚀作用,且IMBTM的缓蚀作用较高。两种缓蚀剂均属于阳极型缓蚀剂,对阳极的缓蚀作用较高。且两种化合物在10#碳钢表面上的吸附过程为自发放热过程,其吸附规律遵循Langmuir等温吸附式,属于单分子层吸附。