不同温拌剂对沥青路用性能的影响

为研究不同类型温拌剂对于沥青性能的影响,选择常用降黏型温拌剂Sasobit和发泡型温拌剂Asphamin分别加入到基质沥青和SBS改性沥青中,通过针入度、软化点、延度及黏度试验,研究对比这两类温拌剂对沥青感温性能、高低温性能及黏滞性的影响。由等黏温度定理,推算出部分温拌沥青混合料的施工温度,并以此对比分析其降温效果。结果表明:两类温拌剂均能显著提高沥青高温性能,掺入4%Sasobit和4%Aspha-min能使沥青软化点分别增长48%和31%,均可有效降低沥青的高温黏度和压实温度(降温范围在18～24℃之间)。同时,也能提升沥青的低温黏度(95℃下分别提升278%和14.7%),提高沥青路面抗流动变形的能力。但两种温拌剂对沥青低温性能呈不利影响,且这种不利影响与掺量呈正相关,因此应合理控制温拌剂掺量。     

温拌沥青短期老化温度与老化性能研究

分析老化温度对温拌沥青性能的影响,采用黏温曲线以及控制空隙率的方法,探索温拌沥青的最佳拌和温度,从而确定温拌沥青的最佳薄膜烘箱老化温度为154℃.采用154 ℃评价温拌沥青的老化性能较高,可以在较低温度下施工,拌和出的沥青混合料性能满足相关指标要求,较为节能且环保.     

活塞、活塞环的摩擦以及润滑油粘度对燃料经济性的影响

论述了活塞、活塞环的摩擦以及润滑油粘度对燃料经济性的影响。研究表明,气缸套的润滑主要是流体动力润滑,在活塞运动到上止点时,活塞环和气缸套之间因局部接触而发生混合润滑。通过降低润滑油的粘度和添加减摩剂,可以改善润滑而提高燃料的经济性。     

Potential of low viscosity oils to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of urban buses fleets

This paper shows the results of a comparative fleet test the main objective of which was to measure the influence of Low Viscosity Oils (LVO) over the fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions of urban buses. To perform this test, 39 urban buses, classified into candidate and reference groups depending on the engine oil viscosity, covered a 60,000 km mileage corresponding to two rounds of standard Oil Drain Interval (ODI). In the same way, for 9 buses of the 39 buses, the effect of differential LVO over fuel consumption and their interaction with engine LVO was assessed during the second ODI.Test results confirm that the use of LVO could reduce fuel consumption, hence CO₂ emissions. However, special attention should be taken prior to its implementation in a fleet, particularly if the vehicles are powered by engines with high mechanical and thermal stresses during vehicle operation because this could lead to friction loss increase, loss of the potential fuel consumption reduction of LVO and, in the worst scenario, higher rates of engine wear.     

沥青稠度指标与重载交通车辙试验相关性分析

通过沥青稠度指标对沥青的评价、稠度与沥青常规指标的比较分析以及稠度指标在重载交通沥青评价中的应用研究,比较了沥青稠度指标与重载交通车辙试验的相关性,表明稠度指标与沥青混合料车辙试验相关性较好,可以反映沥青混凝土路面的抗高温性能,能够为寻求适合重载交通的沥青结合料提供依据。     

基于CFD的双艉船型阻力数值预报

根据船体阻力成因和预报方法的讨论分析,提出一种应用计算流体动力学（CFD）理论进行双艉船型阻力数值预报的方法。该方法采用势流理论计算兴波阻力,基于粘性流理论计算粘性阻力。通过对某典型散货双艉船与液货双艉船在不同航速下的阻力预报及其试验数据的比对分析,结果显示,预报误差基本控制在4%以内。研究表明,该方法计算效率较高、易于实现、经济性较好,且预报精度能满足工程需要,具有较强的工程实用性。     

渔船中速柴油机燃用重油的粘度控制系统

重油价格低廉,渔船柴油机燃用重油可大大降低船舶营运成本,但由于重油的粘度大,在喷油时无法正常雾化而影响柴油机正常运行,因此,对渔船中速柴油机燃用的重油,必须设置加热设备对重油加热进行降低粘度的自动控制,文章介绍渔船燃用重油时其粘度控制的一种方法及其系统,即采用主机排出的废气加热低温淡水,而产生的热水送入电锅炉,电锅炉产生的蒸汽用于加热重油,同时实现了废热回收利用。     

水泥浆液黏度对全风化花岗岩注浆加固效果的影响

水泥浆液是隧道与地下工程水害治理与地层加固的常用注浆材料。针对利用水灰比调节水泥浆液黏度的传统方法在注浆治理工程中存在的局限性,通过掺加2种外加剂实现了水灰比为1：1的水泥浆液的黏度和流动度在一定范围内动态可调。选取典型工程中遭遇的全风化花岗岩为被注介质,开展了注浆模拟试验,研究了不同黏度浆液在全风化花岗岩中的扩散规律,分析了浆液黏度对注浆加固效果的影响机制。研究结果表明：水泥浆液在被注介质中整体呈现劈裂扩散模式,随着浆液黏度的增大,主劈裂浆脉扩展形态由"三叉形"逐渐向"折线形"转变,主浆脉宽度变厚,被注介质的单轴抗压强度和抗剪强度不断提高;在水泥浆液黏度为24.6 s时,加固土体的单轴抗压强度提高了87%,内聚力和内摩擦角分别提升了220%和46.6%,内摩擦角与抗剪强度随浆液黏度的变化趋势基本一致,可见内摩擦角的提升可作为影响被注介质抗剪性能的关键指标;临近18.8 s的浆液黏度是浆脉扩展形态转变和被注介质强度增长速率变化的敏感黏度。研究成果可为全风化花岗岩及类似地层注浆治理工程中的注浆材料选型、黏度调控及加固效果评价提供技术参考。     

排水性沥青路面技术的进步与发展

排水性沥青路面不同于开级配抗滑磨耗层,具有更为优越的功能。为获得较大的空隙率,以提高排水和降噪效果,减少堵塞,粗集料粒径由小粒径向大粒径发展,而空隙率与集料级配有关。为防止松散,提高适应重交通的能力,沥青结合料趋于更加黏稠,直投式高黏度沥青改性剂得到开发和应用。目前排水性沥青路面结构主要为单层,发展起来的双层结构更有利于防止堵塞。国内现已成功研发排水性路面养护机。在最新制订的地方性规范中,提出了以零剪切黏度代之以毛细管黏度计测试的黏度。     

Effect on friction of engine oil seal with engine oil viscosity

Low viscosity engine oil can improve a vehicle’s fuel economy by decreasing the friction between the engine components. Frictional torque varies with the velocity change due to different viscosity characteristics of SAE grade 5W-20, 5W-30 and 5W-40 engine oils. The viscosity for each of these grades was measured to outline the effect low viscosity engine oils have on engine friction, which may lead to improved fuel economy. Engine oil seal frictional torque increases with the shaft rotational speed for all three engine oil grades. A decrease in engine oil seal frictional torque was confirmed when low viscosity engine oil was used. Also, the leak-free performance of the engine oil with the seal satisfied the life limit durability test criteria. Thus, low viscosity engine oil may be used to improve fuel economy by decreasing the frictional loss of the engine oil seal while having no negative impact on performance due to leak-free functioning.