星载SAR干涉测量生成DEM的两个关键技术的研究

以欧空局重复轨道的ERS-1/2数据为例,论述了星载SAR干涉测量生成DEM过程中的关键技术及其实现.讨论了InSAR生成DEM的一般过程,其中的复型数据的高精度配准与相位解缠是生成DEM所必须解决的两个关键.重点论述了达到子像元精度整体匹配技术的复图像高精度配准方法,各种相位解缠方法及其优缺点.通过生成一幅德国波恩地区的DEM,阐述了相应软件的研制及实验结果.     

Regional landslide forecasting model using interferometric SAR images

Method of obtaining landslide evaluating information by using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique was discussed. More precision landslide surface deformation data extracted from InSAR image need take suitable SAR interferometric data selecting, path tracking, phase unwrapping processes. Then, the DEM model of scope and surface shape of the landslide was built. Combining with geological property of landslide and sliding displacements obtained from InSAR/D-InSAR images, a new landslide forecasting model called equal central angle slice method for those not obviously deformed landslides was put forward. This model breaks the limits of traditional research methods of geology. In this model, the landslide safety factor was calculated by equal central angle slice method, then considering the persistence ratio of the sliding surface based on plastic theory, the minimum safety factor was the phase when plastic area were complete persistence. This new model makes the application of InSAR/D-InSAR technology become more practical in geology hazard research.     

InSAR地理编码处理中高程估算算法的研究

InSAR具有全天时、全天候对地观测等特点,现已成为空间对地观测技术的研究热点,如何从解缠后的相位通过高程估算来重建DEM的问题也变得也越来越重要了,本文着重介绍了三种高程计算的方法,并通过实际数据对它们进行比较分析,解决了高程估算方法的选择问题。     

一种新的InSAR合成相位展开算法

提出一种新的InSAR二维相位展开方法。该合成算法充分利用了枝切法和有限元方法的优点。方法的核心是确定相位可靠区域与不可靠区域,有效避免了相位误差从不可靠区域向可靠区域的传递,保证了可靠区域相位展开结果的精度,较大程度上提高了整体的相位展开结果精度。仿真数据实验结果验证了这种合成算法的有效性。     

星载寄生式SAR系统干涉性能与空间分辨能力分析

以星载寄生式SAR系统成像信号模型为基础,详细分析了这一新系统的干涉性能和空间分辨能力,给出了 各自的限制条件。分析了两者限制的本质一致性,并统一以基线形式表示出来,同时提出了距离向有效基线和方位向有效 基线的新概念。最后以Cartwheel编队构形进行了实例分析,特别指出了基线耦合、多基线对性能的影响。     

重轨InSAR干涉测量中的大气信号特征分析

给出了干涉测量中大气相位延迟与单次雷达测量时大气相位延迟的关系,并利用ERS Tandem数据对重轨干涉测量中的大气信号进行了定量的分析研究.实验数据的结果表明,干涉测量中大气相位延迟信号与地面高程有关,随高度增高干涉测量中的大气相位延迟信号变小;在重轨干涉测量中大气信号的结构函数和功率谱函数均呈现指数分布规律,并且在山区和平地,在不同的尺度呈现出不同的指数分布特性.该研究结果有助于建立重轨hSAR干涉测量中的大气信号模型.     

Forest biomass mapping from lidar and radar synergies

The use of lidar and radar instruments to measure forest structure attributes such as height and biomass at global scales is being considered for a future Earth Observation satellite mission, DESDynI (Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice). Large footprint lidar makes a direct measurement of the heights of scatterers in the illuminated footprint and can yield accurate information about the vertical profile of the canopy within lidar footprint samples. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is known to sense the canopy volume, especially at longer wavelengths and provides image data. Methods for biomass mapping by a combination of lidar sampling and radar mapping need to be developed.In this study, several issues in this respect were investigated using aircraft borne lidar and SAR data in Howland, Maine, USA. The stepwise regression selected the height indices rh50 and rh75 of the Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS) data for predicting field measured biomass with a R² of 0.71 and RMSE of 31.33 Mg/ha. The above-ground biomass map generated from this regression model was considered to represent the true biomass of the area and was used as a reference map since no better biomass map exists for the area. Random samples were taken from the biomass map and the correlation between the sampled biomass and co-located SAR signature was studied. The best models were used to extend the biomass from lidar samples into all forested areas in the study area, which mimics a procedure that could be used for the future DESDYnI mission. It was found that depending on the data types used (quad-pol or dual-pol) the SAR data can predict the lidar biomass samples with R² of 0.63-0.71, RMSE of 32.0-28.2 Mg/ha up to biomass levels of 200-250 Mg/ha. The mean biomass of the study area calculated from the biomass maps generated by lidar-SAR synergy was within 10% of the reference biomass map derived from LVIS data. The results from this study are preliminary, but do show the potential of the combined use of lidar samples and radar imagery for forest biomass mapping. Various issues regarding lidar/radar data synergies for biomass mapping are discussed in the paper.     

InSAR相位解缠算法的实验对比研究

相位解缠是InSAR处理中的一个关键步骤,相位解缠算法的选取很大程度上影响着最终的结果。本文主要介绍和比较了6种常用的相位解缠算法,并选取西藏当雄地区的地震同震影像进行实验分析,对解缠结果的质量进行评价比较。结果表明:统计耗费网络流算法结果充分顾及了相干图所包含的信息,获得了一个较优的全局解,解缠结果的连续性较好。而且直接处理感兴趣的且数据质量好的离散区域,实现效率高,可以将误差限制在一个小范围内,防止误差的再传递,解缠结果较精确。     

基于标志点的InSAR系统仿真性能评估方法

系统仿真实验对于天基InSAR系统的总体设计和关键技术验证意义重大,性能评估是其中的关键环节之一。建立了由三大类共8项指标组成的InSAR系统性能指标体系,提出了基于标志点的InSAR系统仿真性能评估方法。该方法通过在仿真地面场景中合理布设标志点,并以标志点作为评估样本点来计算各项指标,可达到与理想干涉量评估方法相近的指标计算精度,同时避免了理想干涉量评估方法稳健性不足的问题,且计算效率更高。仿真实验结果验证了评估方法的有效性。     

合成孔径雷达干涉技术用于煤矿沉陷监测研究

煤矿沉陷是1种典型的地质灾害,采用差分合成孔径雷达干涉技术可以高精度地监测上世纪90年代以来的煤矿沉陷历史及发育特征。本文以陕北大柳塔1990年代的煤矿沉陷为例进行了监测试验,并讨论了影响形变监测精度的大气效应和DEM。