从外科发展史看当代医学的综合特点

本文通过对外科发展历史的回顾，叙述了外科发展史上具有里程碑意义的事件如何推动外科学的发展，实现一次又一次飞跃，阐明各个学科相互渗透、相互综合是当代医学的显著特点，并根据医学综合的特点探讨外科学21世纪的发展趋势。     

Radical prostatectomy then and now: Surgical overtreatment of prostate cancer is declining from 2009 to 2016 at a tertiary referral center

Background

In the era of increasing scrutiny of delivery of quality care, efforts to decrease surgical overtreatment of insignificant prostate cancer (iCaP) continue.

Aux origines des psychopathologies contemporaines : du noyau rationnel de la dialectique à l’empirisme réductionniste

AimThe emergence of new forms of expression in the field of psychopathology is associated with new signifiers and psychotherapeutic practices. In this work, we propose a few thinking about the origins of these social and cultural evolutions by hypothesizing the existence of an underlying factor that helps to make them more intelligible. We thus suppose that these evolutions would be the consequence of the progressive disappearance of a thinking of dialectical complexity – the “core of dialectics” – in favor of a hyper-reductionist empiricism largely influenced by modern Anglo-Saxon thought.Method and resultAfter describing the particularities of these currents of thought and their reciprocal influence, both in psychology and in economics, we explore the consequences of this hypothesis by supporting the idea that, contrary to the ideology and discourses underlying these developments, they are hardly a progress in the field of psychic care but that they actually demonstrate an intellectual and scientific regression. A few detours about (neo)liberalism, death drive and desire in human beings will put these contemporary evolutions into perspective.ConclusionIn conclusion, we propose a few points of reference concerning the collapse of the dialectical model in favor of hyper-reductionist empiricism, emphasizing the role that psychology plays in these developments and the role it could play in promoting the quality of care provided to patients from a more global and anthropological perspective.     

补中益气法学术源流、传承及当代应用

补中益气法是临床常用的治法之一.《黄帝内经》《难经》阐述了中气不足的主要临床表现,并总结出劳者温之损者益之的治疗原则.《伤寒杂病论》《医学启源》为补中益气法的用药提供了依据.后世医家传承应用本法,多有创新.如李东垣用补中益气常兼顾升阳、理气、泻火、除湿、和血、养阴等加减变法,罗天益擅用灸法,王好古用以治疗外阳内...     

Multi-segment spine kinematics: Relationship with dance training and low back pain

BackgroundSpine posture, range of motion (ROM) and movement asymmetry can contribute to low back pain (LBP). These variables may have greater impact in populations required to perform repetitive spine movements, such as dancers; however, there is limited evidence to support this.Research questionWhat is the influence of dance and LBP on spinal kinematics?MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, multi-segment spinal kinematics were examined in 60 female participants, including dancers (n = 21) and non-dancers (n = 39) with LBP (n = 33) and without LBP (n = 27). A nine-camera motion analysis system sampling at 100 Hz was used to assess standing posture, as well as ROM and movement asymmetry for side bend and trunk rotation tasks. A two-way ANOVA was performed for each of the outcome variables to detect any differences between dancers and non-dancers, or individuals with and without LBP.ResultsCompared to non-dancers, dancers displayed a flatter upper lumbar angle when standing (p < 0.01, ηp² = 0.15), and achieved greater frontal plane ROM for the upper lumbar (p = 0.04, ηp² = 0.08) and lower thoracic (p = 0.02, ηp² = 0.09) segments. There were no differences between dancers and non-dancers for transverse plane ROM (p > 0.05) or movement asymmetry (p > 0.05). There was no main effect for LBP symptoms on any kinematic measures, and no interaction effect for dance group and LBP on spinal kinematics (p > 0.05).SignificanceFemale dancers displayed a flatter spine posture and increased spine ROM compared to non-dancers for a select number of spine segments and movement tasks. However, the overall number of differences was small, and no relationship was observed between LBP and spinal kinematics. This suggests that these simple, static posture, ROM, and asymmetry measures often used in clinical practice can provide only limited generalisable information about the impact of dance or LBP on spinal kinematics.     

论传统礼敬思想与当代伦理建设

礼敬 ,是中国古代思想家提倡的处理人际关系的重要道德规范。它要求人们以合于礼仪的举动表示尊重 ,敬意。它对于形成友善、和谐的人际关系及良好的社会环境有着重要意义 ,对今天的社会主义道德建设也有重要参考价值。     

跨文化护理理论与我国现代护理

介绍了雷林格尔跨文化护理一论的主要概念及结构。在分析我国文化、护理人员知识体系的基础上,重点从跨文化护理理论对提高护理人员综合素质、促进护理专业发展等方面进行阐述,以说明跨文化护理理论在甸现代护理中的作用。     

今古文经学对《内经》及其注疏的影响

今古文经学的讼争,对中国传统学术影响深远,以至演化为二种治学态度,以中国传统文化为基石的中医学亦受其影响.这些影响反映在以下3个方面:其一,<内经>不同版本之间字词的差异;其二,<内经>中某些理论的形成,如五脏与五行的配属;其三,后世医家注疏<内经>的方法.     

Addressing conflicts of interest in the research paper: a societal demand in contemporary science?

In the last decade, dialogue between science and society has found a forum in an increasing number of publications on topics such as public engagement with science and public trust in science. Concerning the latter, issues that include cases of research misconduct, accountability in research, and conflicts of interest (COIs) have shaped global discussions on the communication of science. In the publication setting, the perception that hiding COIs and/or not managing them well may affect public trust in the research record has grown among editors. We conducted a search for editorials addressing COIs between 1989 and 2011, using four major databases: Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge. We explored the content of these editorials and the relationship they established between COIs and the public trust in science. Our results demonstrate that the relationship between disclosure of COIs and public trust in science has become a major concern among editors. We, thus, argue that COIs should be discussed more openly and frequently in graduate courses in the sciences, around the globe, not only in biomedical but also in non-biomedical areas. This is a critical issue in contemporary science, as graduate students are the future voices and decision-makers of the research community. Therefore, COIs, especially in the broader context of science and society, merit closer attention from policymakers, researchers, and educators. At times of great expectations for public engagement with science, mishandling of COIs may have undesirable consequences for public engagement with science and confidence in the scientific endeavor.