护理专业本科生英语学习策略及成绩相关性研究

[目的]了解护理专业本科生英语学习策略应用状况,分析英语学习策略的应用与英语成绩的相关性.[方法]运用Oxford英语学习策略量表调查60名护理专业大学三年级学生英语学习策略应用状况,比较普通护理班与国际护理班英语学习策略应用差异,并将英语学习策略应用结果与英语成绩做相关分析.[结果]护理专业本科生英语学习策略总体水平偏低,不同培养模式下护理专业学生的英语学习策略差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,英语学习策略与英语成绩具有一定相关性.[结论]应采取措施改善英语学习策略,以提高护理专业本科生英语水平.     

Classification of methods in transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) and evolving strategy from historical approaches to contemporary innovations

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) encompasses all methods of non-invasive current application to the brain used in research and clinical practice. We present the first comprehensive and technical review, explaining the evolution of tES in both terminology and dosage over the past 100 years of research to present day. Current transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation (tPCS) approaches such as Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) descended from Electrosleep (ES) through Cranial Electro-stimulation Therapy (CET), Transcerebral Electrotherapy (TCET), and NeuroElectric Therapy (NET) while others like Transcutaneous Cranial Electrical Stimulation (TCES) descended from Electroanesthesia (EA) through Limoge, and Interferential Stimulation. Prior to a contemporary resurgence in interest, variations of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation were explored intermittently, including Polarizing current, Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (GVS), and Transcranial Micropolarization. The development of these approaches alongside Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and pharmacological developments are considered. Both the roots and unique features of contemporary approaches such as transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) and transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) are discussed. Trends and incremental developments in electrode montage and waveform spanning decades are presented leading to the present day. Commercial devices, seminal conferences, and regulatory decisions are noted. We conclude with six rules on how increasing medical and technological sophistication may now be leveraged for broader success and adoption of tES.     

Consistency of normalized cerebral blood volume values in glioblastoma using different leakage correction algorithms on dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging data without and with preload

Background and purpose

Several leakage correction algorithms for dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based cerebral blood volume (CBV) measurement have been proposed, and combination with a preload of contrast agent is generally recommended. A single bolus application scheme would largely simplify and facilitate standardized clinical applications, while reducing contrast agent (CA) dose. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate whether appropriate leakage correction redundantizes prebolus application by comparing normalized DSC-based CBV (nCBV) measures of two consecutive CA boli.

四级考试改革对医科大学英语教学的反拨效应

反拨效应（washback）指语言测试对教与学带来的冲击和影响。结合定性研究和定量研究两种方法,采用课堂观察、面对面访谈和问卷调查的研究手段,探讨最新大学英语四级考试改革给医科大学英语教学所带来的反拨效应。     

新四六级改革背景下的大学英语翻译教学

全国大学英语四六级考试改革已经全面启动,并于2006年12月启用了四级新题型,在新题型中增加了"汉译英"项目,这对广大师生提出了更高的要求.本文作者结合自己的教学实践和《大学英语课程教学要求》分析,指出加强大学英语翻译教学是非常必要的,提出翻译教学是提高学生综合运用语言知识能力的重要手段,并就如何加强大学英语翻译教学的策略谈谈自己的看法.     

从心理和认知的视角解析大学英语四级完型填空测试

从认知语言学和心理语言学的角度阐述了大学英语四级完型填空命题依据及解题思路。完型填空(Cloze)以格式塔(Gestalt)心理学和心理语言学为理论基础,是检测外语语言能力的一种既有效又经济的手段。作为大学英语四级考试的一个测试项目,目的是从语篇的角度上测试学生综合运用语言的能力,即阅读理解和使用词汇及语法的能力。     

对大学英语教学改革的思考

围绕大学英语教学改革的精神，联系昆明医学院外语部多年的教学实践，深入阐述了英语教学中目前要处理好的四种关系．即：英语语言基本功和交际能力的关系；大学英语四、六级考试和英语教学目标的关系；英语课堂教学和学生自主学习的关系；以及教师进修和集体备课的关系．     

Coping style and stress hormone responses in genetically heterogeneous rats: comparison with the Roman rat strains

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate for the first time the stress-induced hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone and prolactin responses of the National Institutes of Health genetically heterogeneous rat stock (N/Nih-HS rats) in comparison with responses of the relatively high and low stress-prone Roman Low- (RLA-I) and High-Avoidance (RHA-I) rat strains. The same rats were also compared (experiment 1) with respect to their levels of unconditioned anxiety (elevated zero-maze test), novelty-induced exploratory behavior, conditioned fear and two-way active avoidance acquisition. In experiment 2, naive rats from these three strains/stocks were evaluated for “depressive-like” behavior in the forced swimming test. N/Nih-HS and RLA-I rats showed significantly higher post-stress ACTH, corticosterone and prolactin levels than RHA-I rats. N/Nih-HS rats also presented the highest context-conditioned freezing responses, extremely poor two-way avoidance acquisition and very low novelty-induced exploratory behavior. Experiment 2 showed that, compared to RHA-I rats, N/Nih-HS and RLA-I rats displayed significantly less struggling (escape-directed) and increased immobility responses in the forced swimming test. Factor analysis of data from experiment 1 showed associations among behavioral and hormonal responses, with a first factor comprising high loadings of elevated zero-maze variables and lower loadings of conditioned fear, two-way avoidance acquisition and hormonal measures, while a second factor mainly grouped conditioned fear and two-way avoidance acquisition with novelty-induced exploration and post-stress prolactin. Thus, regarding their anxiety/fearfulness, passive coping style, “depressive-like” and stress-induced hormonal responses the N/Nih-HS rats resemble the phenotype profiles of the relatively high-anxious and stress-prone RLA-I rat strain.     

清咳平喘颗粒治疗轻中型新型冠状病毒感染的临床研究

目的 观察清咳平喘颗粒治疗轻型、中型新冠病毒感染患者的临床有效性及安全性。方法 选取2023年4月—2023年6月在常州市第三人民医院就诊的轻型、中型新冠病毒感染（痰热壅肺型）患者93例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为对照组（45例）和治疗组（48例）。对照组患者进行基础治疗及抗病毒治疗。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上服用清咳平喘颗粒,1袋/次,3次/d,两组疗程均为7 d。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者中医证候评分,简易咳嗽程度评分表（CET）,主要临床症状消失率及C反应尿蛋白（CRP）、降钙素原（PCT）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）等炎症指标。结果 治疗后,治疗组总有效率（97.92%）显著高于对照组（86.67%）（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组中医证候评分、咳嗽程度评分显著降低（P＜0.05）,且治疗组在第7天的治疗作用显著强于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后,相比对照组,治疗组能够显著促进咳嗽症状消失（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组患者炎症指标IL-6、CRP水平显著降低（P＜0.05）,且治疗组显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 清咳平喘颗粒联合西医常规治疗能够显著提高新冠病毒感染治疗的临床有效率,降低中医证候评分,改善患者咳嗽程度,促进咳嗽症状的缓解与消失,降低炎症水平,安全性良好,具有临床推广价值。