英语中形式与意义不一致的语用研究

英语与其他语种一样存在着形式与意义不一致的语用问题 ,主要有四种表现形式 :陈述句起疑问句、祈使句作用 ;疑问句起着陈述句、祈使句作用 ;肯定形式表示否定意义 ;否定形式表示肯定意义。由于说话者的目的不同 ,选择的表达方式就不同 ,其语用意义也随之变化。     

一个汉英机器翻译系统中的语义处理模型

简略阐述了三种语义分析理论 -配价语法 ,格语法 ,论旨理论后 ,重点介绍了机器翻译系统所采用的语义模型     

英汉谚语的语义特点

作为语言精华的谚语具有鲜明的语言特色。文章从民族文化性、内容丰富性、意义潜在性、本质教育性和关系多样性等方面分析了英汉谚语的语义特点。     

私营企业主的劳动属性再认识

私营企业主的劳动,从本质上看包含着大量的创新劳动,从分工上看绝大部分是管理劳动和科技劳动。他们的劳动具有高脑力劳动强度、高劳动风险压力、超常劳动时间和劳动的高增值性等特点。私营企业主的劳动理应受到尊重和保护,因为它是在社会主义制度下合法进行的,是有中国特色社会主义总劳动的一部分,并有力地促进了有中国特色社会主义的发展。在私营企业主的收入中非劳动收入的比重有下降的趋势。     

词汇空缺的处理方式

词汇空缺是语言中较为复杂的自然现象。外语学习中由于两种语言的差异,这种现象表现得尤为突出。大学生英语习作的选词有其自身的特点,通过对其分析,可以发现外语学习者对词汇空缺的处理方式带有阶段性,与学习者的词汇能力密切相关,并反映了词汇能力的发展方向。     

V＋Rv带宾语的语义框架

以往关于动结式带宾语的研究往往只注意了能否带宾语及其制约因素,但对所带宾语的种类却极少涉及,而这一问题的解决对机器翻译,尤其是同声传译将起到重要的作用。文章认为每个词在其所处的语言系统中占有特定位置,与系统中的某些词具有优先的或固定的组合搭配关系,即每个词都有其默认状态。以当代认知语言学的理论为指导,文章对V Rv能带什么的宾语,它的识别、提取和匹配及推导进行了讨论,得出结论:V对所带宾语提供可能性,面Rv作出限制和选择,也就是说V Rv能带什么样的宾语是有理可据的,其识别和推导是可能的。     

英语中否定对象的判断与翻译

本文着重讨论英语否定词的不同位置对句子意义产生的不同影响,进而讨论英汉否 定用法的差异,如何判断英语句子的否定对象以及汉译时如何进行否定重点的转移。     

汉语外来词研究五十年

我国语言学界对汉语外来词进行自觉的研究始于二十世纪五十年代。本文从五个方面对半个世纪以来汉语外来词的研究状况进行了综述。     

二语词汇语义迁移证明——两个实验方法比较

本文本文先简述了二语词汇表征和发展模式，此模式明确展示了二语词汇习得的过程和阶段。再从实验方法上对两个实验进行了比较，试图在二语词汇表征实证研究上并且在复制研究上给研究者们以启示。     

Ecocultural Attributes: Evaluating Ecological Degradation in Terms of Ecological Goods and Services Versus Subsistence and Tribal Values

It is becoming increasingly clear that scientists, managers, lawyers, public policymakers, and the public must decide how to value what is provided by, and is a consequence of, natural resources. While “Western” scientists have clear definitions for the goods and services that ecosystems provide, we contend that these categories do not encompass the full totality of the values provided by natural resources. Partly the confusion results from a limited view of natural resources derived from the need to monetize the value of ecosystems and their component parts. Partly it derives from the “Western” way of separating natural resources from cultural resources or values, and partly it derives from the false dichotomy of assuming that ecosystems are natural, and anything constructed by man is not natural. In this article, we explore the previous assumptions, and suggest that because cultural resources often derive from, and indeed require, intact and unspoiled natural ecosystems or settings, that these values are rightly part of natural resources. The distinction is not trivial because of the current emphasis on cleaning up chemically and radiologically contaminated sites, on restoration of damaged ecosystems, on natural resource damage assessments, and on long‐term stewardship goals. All of these processes depend upon defining natural resources appropriately. Several laws, regulations, and protocols depend upon natural resource trustees to protect natural resources on trust lands, which could lead to the circular definition that natural resources are those resources that the trustees feel they are responsible for. Where subsistence or tribal peoples are involved, the definition of natural resources should be broadened to include those ecocultural attributes that are dependent upon, and have incorporated, natural resources. For example, a traditional hunting and fishing ground is less valued by subsistence peoples if it is despoiled by contamination or physical ecosystem degradation; an Indian sacred ground is tarnished if the surrounding natural environment is degraded; a traditional homeland is less valued if the land itself is contaminated. Our argument is that intact natural resources are essential elements of many cultural resources, and this aspect requires and demands adequate consideration (and may therefore require compensation).