Reproductive biology of the female Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (Stomatopoda) in relation to changes in the seasonal pattern of larval occurrence in Tokyo Bay, Japan

ABSTRACT:   The reproductive traits and the monthly larval abundance of the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria were investigated in Tokyo Bay, Japan, in 2002. The goal of the study was to elucidate the cause of changes in the monthly pattern of larval abundance from the 1980s to the 1990s as these changes relate to variation in the stock size of the adult shrimp. Oogenesis was divided into 10 stages by histological observation. The developmental stage of oocytes in an individual's ovary was synchronous, suggesting that almost all the oocytes in an ovary are spawned at the same time. The size at first maturity was estimated to be 7 ≤ body length ( BL ) < 8 cm. Fecundity was expressed as a function of BL , ranging from 19 300 eggs for 8 cm BL to 92 100 eggs for 14 cm BL . Small female shrimps (<10 cm BL ) spawned around August. Most large female shrimps (≥10 cm BL ) spawned around May, and some large female shrimps also spawned until September. Although most large female shrimps spawned in spring, the larval abundance was low before July and high from August onwards. The results suggest that a substantial decrease in the stock size of large individuals causes the low larval abundance before July.     

胶州湾移植底播菲律宾蛤仔面盘幼虫生物学特性研究

2006年5～9月,通过浮游拖网调查对胶州湾移植底播菲律宾蛤仔面盘幼虫(D形幼虫)生物学特性进行研究,结果表明:移植底播菲律宾蛤仔面盘幼虫壳长、壳高呈线性相关,与其它蛤仔种群面盘幼虫差异显著。     

2015年靖海湾及五垒岛湾海域表层海水化学要素时空分布特征及潜在富营养化评价

于2015年春季、夏季及秋季3个航次对威海南部靖海湾及五垒岛湾海域进行表层海水水质调查并进行了富营养化评价。结果表明:调查海域表层海水水质符合二类水质标准,受磷限制影响;叶绿素-a春季航次(0.660μg/L)含量偏低,夏季航次(0.808mg/L)达到最高值;溶解氧春季航次(10.711mg/L)高于夏季航次(8.940mg/L)及秋季航次(8.678mg/L),近岸区域出现低值区;无机氮秋季航次(0.146mg/L)最高,活性磷酸盐(0.013mg/L)及化学需氧量(1.316mg/L)夏季航次最高,三者受外源河流输入的影响呈现从近岸区域向外海逐渐降低的趋势;活性硅酸盐主要受海洋本底的影响;夏秋航次在靖海湾河流入海口区域出现富营养化状态。     

大亚湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼种群特征与环境因子的相关关系

为了解大亚湾鱼卵、稚仔鱼种群动态变化及其与环境因子的关系, 2015年采用浅水I型浮游生物拖网对大亚湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼进行了4个季度的调查,结果表明,4个季度共采获鱼卵31361粒,仔稚鱼244尾。经鉴定分析共有27种,其中鱼卵19种,隶属于6目16科18属;仔稚鱼18种,隶属于5目15科16属;鱼卵、仔稚鱼共有种11个。鱼卵平均丰度为614.55 ind/1000 m^3,稚仔鱼的平均丰度为3.69 ind/1000 m^3。鱼卵丰度季节变化由高到低依次为夏季、春季、冬季、秋季;空间分布显示,丰度由高到低依次为中央列岛、人工鱼礁区、湾口东岸。鱼卵多样性指数(H￠)范围为0.05～2.26,平均值为0.86,稚仔鱼多样性指数(H?)范围为0～2.53,平均值丰度0.82;鱼卵均匀度指数(J)范围为0.02～0.99,平均值为0.50;稚仔鱼均匀度指数(J)范围为0～1.00,平均值为0.52。根据Pearson相关性结果分析表明,与种群关系最密切的环境因子为温度和溶解氧(P<0.01)。研究结果显示,春夏季是大亚湾海域鱼类产卵的重要时期,中央列岛海域是大亚湾鱼类繁殖的关键区域。     

Distribution and spawning dynamics of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in Glacier Bay, Alaska: a cold water refugium

Pacific capelin (Mallotus villosus) populations declined dramatically in the Northeastern Pacific following ocean warming after the regime shift of 1977, but little is known about the cause of the decline or the functional relationships between capelin and their environment. We assessed the distribution and abundance of spawning, non‐spawning adult and larval capelin in Glacier Bay, an estuarine fjord system in southeastern Alaska. We used principal components analysis to analyze midwater trawl and beach seine data collected between 1999 and 2004 with respect to oceanographic data and other measures of physical habitat including proximity to tidewater glaciers and potential spawning habitat. Both spawning and non‐spawning adult Pacific capelin were more likely to occur in areas closest to tidewater glaciers, and those areas were distinguished by lower temperature, higher turbidity, higher dissolved oxygen and lower chlorophyll a levels when compared with other areas of the bay. The distribution of larval Pacific capelin was not sensitive to glacial influence. Pre‐spawning females collected farther from tidewater glaciers were at a lower maturity state than those sampled closer to tidewater glaciers, and the geographic variation in the onset of spawning is likely the result of differences in the marine habitat among sub‐areas of Glacier Bay. Proximity to cold water in Glacier Bay may have provided a refuge for capelin during the recent warm years in the Gulf of Alaska.     

温度对双岛湾鳗草种子萌发的影响

对采自双岛湾的鳗草(Zostera marina L.)种子,分别进行了野外盆栽种子萌发试验及室内5℃低温保存时长(30d、60d和90d)和萌发温度(5℃、15℃和25℃)对种子萌发的影响实验。结果表明:鳗草种子在野外经过了夏季高温期和冬季低温期的休眠后于次年2月末水温为4℃时开始萌发,持续至5月,萌发期水温为4~17℃,累积萌发率随春季回暖显著提高,在4—5月达到峰值,5月底累积萌发率达20.6%,实生苗于4—5月快速生长发育,对应水温为6~17℃;5℃低温保存不同时长和不同萌发温度对种子的萌发率的影响都极显著,即低温保存时间越长,种子萌发率越高,且显著缩短了种子的初始萌发时间和萌发高峰时间,保存90d后3个萌发温度下的初始萌发时间均小于3d、萌发高峰时间均小于8d。不同低温保存时长条件下,均以15℃为最适萌发温度。     

福建三沙湾养殖大黄鱼肠道菌群研究

为研究大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea）肠道细菌的群落结构,提取大黄鱼肠道内容物和肠壁样品总DNA,构建细菌16SrDNA克隆文库．分别从两个文库中随机挑选阳性克隆子测序,序列同源性分析和系统进化分析结果表明：在大黄鱼肠道中存在梭杆菌纲（Fusobacteria）细菌、拟杆菌纲细菌（Bacteroidetes）和γ-变形细菌纲（γ-Proteobacteria）细菌．肠壁样品细菌多样性高于肠道内容物样品．梭杆菌属细菌在肠道内容物样品中占据优势地位,而肠壁样品则以拟杆菌属细菌为最优势细菌类群,其次是梭杆菌属细菌。两个样品中均只检测到少量γ-变形细菌纲细菌．     

桑沟湾养殖生态系统健康综合评价

桑沟湾是我国北方以筏式养殖利用为主的典型海湾,来自养殖的压力对海湾生态系统和养殖自身的健康发展产生了影响.利用《海洋养殖生态系统健康综合评价:方法与模式》建立的方法,对桑沟湾这一养殖生态系统的健康进行了综合评价.结果表明:桑沟湾养殖生态系统受到中等程度的压力,主要来自较高的养殖密度、较大的养殖面积和陆源营养盐的输入;生态系统状态等级为较好,其中水交换、水体环境和底质环境均为较好;自然生物群落状态为中等;生态系统响应中的养殖病害问题和养殖产品质量问题为中等.总体评价,桑沟湾养殖生态系统健康勉强达到较好水平,控制养殖密度和规模等措施是改善桑沟湾生态系统健康的必要途径.     

人类活动对象山湾滩涂沉积物理化特征的累积效应

[目的]研究人类活动对象山湾滩涂沉积物理化特征的累积效应。[方法]选取象山湾沿岸滩涂沉积物作为供试材料,测定沉积物样品粒度特征、磁化率、总有机碳及硝态氮含量。[结果]象山湾滩涂沉积物粒径组成以粉粒为主,质地较为黏重,可塑性和保水性较好,透气性差,且沉积物粒径组成随深度变化明显;磁性物质的含量随着取样深度的增加而不断减少;有机物质含量较高,且随着取样深度的增加,有机质含量明显下降,但总体维持在较高水平;硝态氮含量随取样深度的增加总体呈上升趋势,波动明显。[结论]人类活动对象山湾滩涂影响较为明显,理化特征的累积效应在剖面上表现显著。     

影响香溪河库湾不同时期叶绿素a浓度的相关因子分析

三峡上游梯级水库蓄水发电后,三峡水库支流库湾水华情势有显著不同。为弄清新情势下影响三峡水库支流库湾水华的影响因素,于2015年对香溪河库湾开展了为期一年的跟踪监测研究。结果表明：叶绿素a浓度季节性变化显著,夏季最高,春秋季次之,冬季最低,全年平均值为14.38μg/L,变化范围为0.36μg/L ~108.00μg/L;春季,叶绿素a浓度与水温、pH、混合层深度表现为正相关,与浊度总氮、总氮溶解性硅、真光层深度表现为负相关;夏季,叶绿素a浓度与水温、pH、滞留时间、混合层深度表现正相关,而与总氮表现为负相关;秋季,叶绿素a浓度与水温、混合层深度表现正相关,与浊度、溶解性硅、真光层深度表现负相关;冬季,叶绿素a与溶解性硅表现为负相关,与其他环境因子具有一定的相关性,但相关性不显著。总氮、总磷和叶绿素a的浓度水平均指示香溪河水体处于富营养化状态。