火锅虾滑肠加工工艺研究

研究一种火锅虾滑肠的制作过程及工艺.通过单因素试验确定了影响火锅虾滑肠品质的主要因素及最佳水平范围.通过正交试验确定了主要影响因素的最佳配比:新鲜虾肉添加量为40％、金线鱼鱼糜添加量为14％、木薯变性淀粉添加量为2％、斩拌时间为6min,在此添加量及工艺条件下,生产出的产品经火锅水煮,结构及风味表现最佳.     

冻结速率对罗非鱼鱼肠品质的影响

以罗非鱼鱼肠为对象,研究了不同冻结速率(3.40、2.73、0.73、0.23cm.h-1)对罗非鱼鱼肠冻结曲线及品质的影响。结果表明,罗非鱼鱼肠的冻结点为-1.4±0.1℃,随着冻结速率的增加,汁液流失率减少,白度下降;与未冻结的鱼肠相比,四种冻结速率下的冻结都会使罗非鱼鱼肠的破断力、破断距离以及凝胶强度下降。感官评价表明,冻藏后罗非鱼鱼肠的整体接受性降低,这与凝胶强度、白度、汁液流失率等指标表示的结果一致。综合各品质指标,提高冻结速率有助于保持罗非鱼鱼肠的品质。     

Gelling Properties of Atlantic Croaker Surimi Processed by Acid or Alkaline Solubilization

ABSTRACT: Textural properties of gels from Atlantic croaker surimi recovered by isoelectric precipitation, following acid (AC) or alkaline (AL) solubilization, were compared with that of conventionally washed (CW) surimi. Gel strengths were in the order of AL > AC > CW, with higher gel strength and deformability induced by microbial transglutaminase addition. None of the surimi treatments evidenced endogenous TGase activity. Salt (2% NaCl) addition had variable effects. Proteolysis was evident by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in gels from all treatments when preincubated at 30 °C or 40 °C.     

真空微波干燥与真空冷冻干燥对鱼糜干制品质量的影响

以常规热风干燥为空白对照,研究真空冷冻干燥与真空微波干燥技术对以鱼糜为原料的面条状干制品质量影响,以干制品的水分含量、色度、复水性能、吸水指数（WAI）、水溶解指数（WSI）为指标,研究了三种干燥技术对干制品质量的影响,并对三种干燥工艺效果进行比较。结果表明,真空冷冻干燥效果最佳,所得产品中水分含量、WAI、WSI、白度值分别可达4．03％、5．60、18．66％、91．82;而热风干燥产品为11．84％、2．35、27．65％、7：2．54;真空微波干燥产品为6．16％、5．52、15．01％、80．24。     

冷冻蓝圆鯵鱼糜蛋白重组技术研究

以鱼糜蛋白质凝胶形成3个阶段理论为基础,从蛋白重组角度理论上分析添加剂在冷冻蓝圆鯵鱼糜生产过程中增强凝胶强度的作用机理,同时也通过测定凝胶强度对理论解释加以验证。研究还创新性的应用一种新型凝胶增强剂GRA1,可快速加强蛋白质分子结合力,促使大分子网络的数量增多,从而提高了鱼糜凝胶强度。GRA1克服了TG酶由于价格和不宜冻藏的因素导致其应用受到限制的缺陷,可在使用冻藏原料生产高品质鱼糜上推广应用。     

添加非肌肉蛋白对鱼糜制品品质影响的初步研究

实验采用质构分析法、色差分析法及感官评价法研究了大豆分离蛋白(SPI)、谷朊粉(GP)、乳清浓缩蛋白(WPC)对鱼糜制品品质的影响。结果表明:添加一定量的3种非肌肉蛋白可以明显地提高鱼糜制品的破断强度、凝胶强度、持水性和口感,但均降低了制品的凹陷深度和白度。以凝胶强度为优化值对3种非肌肉蛋白进行响应面优化后,确定了鱼糜制品的蛋白添加条件为:SPI 9.7%、GP 9.9%、WPC 7.6%,实际凝胶强度为(3 855.012±260.682)g.mm。     

亲水胶体对大头狗母鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响

由于外观和易于腐败的特点,大头狗母鱼在东南亚地区被认为是一种低值鱼类。有关蛇鲻(Saurida)的凝胶特性的研究很多,但是有关大头狗母鱼(Trachinocephalus myops)的凝胶特性鲜有研究。本实验主要采用质构分析法和动态流变学法,研究了亲水胶体对大头狗母鱼的凝胶特性和流变性质的影响。结果表明,添加不同种类的亲水胶体对大头狗母鱼鱼糜的凝胶特性有不同的影响。卡拉胶和琼胶能够提高鱼糜凝胶的破断强度,黄原胶降低鱼糜凝胶的破断强度,海藻酸钠和魔芋胶对破断强度有轻微的降低作用。所有这些胶体均降低大头狗母鱼鱼糜凝胶的凹陷度。     

Effect of laver powder on textual,rheological properties and water distribution of squid (Dosidicus gigas) surimi gel

In order to ameliorate the gel quality of Dosidicus gigas surimi, the effects of laver powder on gel properties, rheological properties, and water-holding capacity (WHC) were investigated. Results indicated that the addition of laver powder could significantly increase the hardness, chewiness, and breaking force of surimi gels. However, the texture indexes and gel strength began to decline when additional amount exceeded 0.6%. Rheological results demonstrated that the addition of laver powder increased the storage modulus (G′) and viscosity of surimi, prolonged protein denaturation temperature in surimi gels. Moreover, the WHC of surimi gel was improved with the increase of laver powder. Further analyses in low-field nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that laver powder could shorten the transverse relaxation time, enhanced the combination with water, and altered the distribution of different water categories. The proportion of bound water and immobilized water reached its maximum and minimum at 0.6% of laver powder, respectively. Correlation analyses showed that WHC of surimi gel was negatively correlated well with the proportion of loose-bound water, but positively correlated with the strong-bound water and free water. In conclusion, the results supported that 0.6% was the optimal additional amount of laver powder for the squid-based surimi production based on the current ingredients of surimi products.     

Effect of antioxidants in combination of VCO nanoemulsion on gel properties and storage stability of refrigerated sardine surimi gel

Impacts of β-glucan–virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion containing epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and α-tocopherol at levels of 0–3.0 g kg⁻¹ on properties and storage stability of surimi gel were investigated. Augmented breaking force, deformation and fracture constant were obtained in gels containing 2.0 g kg⁻¹ EGCG or 1.0 g kg⁻¹ α-tocopherol (P < 0.05). Expressible moisture content increased as EGCG levels were more than 2.0 g kg⁻¹. Smoother microstructure was observed in gels containing 2.0 g kg⁻¹ EGCG. Whiter gels were obtained when β-glucan–VCO nanoemulsion was incorporated. No change in protein pattern of gels was observed regardless of antioxidant incorporation. Viscoelastic moduli decreased as β-glucan–VCO nanoemulsion was added; however, incorporation of 2.0 g kg⁻¹ EGCG or 1.0 g kg⁻¹ α-tocopherol lowered the decrease in G'. β-glucan–VCO nanoemulsion containing gels had higher likeness scores than the control (P < 0.05). Gels containing EGCG and α-tocopherol at selected levels had the improved oxidative stability and lowered microbial loads.     

不同种类淀粉对罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶品质的影响

为了改善淡水鱼鱼糜制品的品质,以冷冻罗非鱼鱼糜为原料,分别添加4%木薯原淀粉、3种木薯变性淀粉（磷酸酯淀粉、羟丙基淀粉和乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯）及复配木薯变性淀粉（乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯与羟丙基淀粉质量比为3∶2）,考察淀粉添加对鱼糜凝胶质构、流变学特性、持水性及水分分布和微观结构等的影响,探讨不同种类淀粉对鱼糜凝胶品质的改善。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加5种淀粉均会显著降低罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶的白度（P<0.05）,但其凝胶强度、硬度和咀嚼性显著增大,凝胶持水性显著提高（P<0.05）,蒸煮损失率显著下降（P<0.05）,结合水含量显著增加（P<0.05）,凝胶微观结构更加均匀致密,且添加了复配木薯变性淀粉的凝胶质构特性最好,持水性最高。低场核磁共振成像和光学显微镜观察结果显示,不同种类的淀粉均能有效锁住鱼糜凝胶基质中的水分;升温过程中淀粉吸水膨胀,在鱼糜凝胶网络结构中起浓缩和填充作用;添加了复配木薯变性淀粉的鱼糜凝胶结构最致密均匀。因此,添加复配木薯变性淀粉可以有效改善罗非鱼鱼糜制品的品质,为淡水鱼鱼糜制品的开发提供了理论支撑。