皱皮木瓜腐败微生物的分离鉴定

为探明皱皮木瓜贮藏保鲜过程中腐败变质的原因,采用组织分离法对引起皱皮木瓜腐败的微生物进行分离纯化,初步分离出2株细菌和6株霉菌,未分离出酵母菌.回接实验结果表明共有2株细菌、3株霉菌能引起皱皮木瓜腐败.通过形态学及分子生物学对5株腐败微生物进行鉴定,结果表明:2株细菌分别为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megater...     

应用高通量测序分析常温贮藏吴山贡鹅的细菌多样性

运用传统培养技术结合高通量测序技术对常温贮藏吴山贡鹅的菌群结构进行分析,研究吴山贡鹅微生物群落的变化以及导致吴山贡鹅腐败的微生物分布.结果表明:吴山贡鹅贮藏期间pH值呈现先上升后下降的趋势,菌落总数则呈现上升的趋势,贮藏末期吴山贡鹅中菌落总数、乳酸菌、大肠杆菌和假单胞菌的数量分别达到5.76、5.21、2.13、2.9...     

应用PCR-DGGE对巴氏消毒乳中腐败细菌的污染溯源研究

运用PCR-DGGE技术分析了巴氏杀菌乳从原料乳到杀菌、灌装这两个加工关键控制点的微生物动态变化和差异性,容易发生污染的环节是挤乳环节、杀菌后的加工管道和包装环节。原料乳中易携带的细菌是乳酸链球菌（Lactococcus lactis subsp.）和乳酸杆菌（Lactobacillus sp.）;挤乳环节中易受无乳链球菌（Streptococcus agalactiae）污染;杀菌后的加工管道易受热杀环丝菌（Brochothrix thermosphacta）、钻黄肠球菌（Enterococcus casseliflavus）、瑞士乳杆菌（Lactobacillus helveticus）和2株非培养的假单胞菌属（Uncultured Pseudomonas sp.）污染;肉杆菌属（Carnobacterium sp.）和产乳酸菌素的肉杆菌（Carnobacterium maltaromaticum）则在挤乳环节、杀菌后的加工管道或包装环节都可能被污染。      

天鹅蛋中主要致腐微生物的分离与鉴定

在贮藏期间,天鹅蛋容易被环境微生物通过蛋壳表面的气孔侵染而腐败,大大降低其市场价值。该研究从腐败天鹅蛋中分离得到5株细菌,对其进行形态、生理生化特性研究,并结合16s rRNA基因序列分析和系统发育树分析,最终分别鉴定为氧化节杆菌(Arthrobacter oxydansi)、成团泛菌(Pantoea agglomerans)、麦氏弧菌(Vibrio metschnikovii)、屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)和粪产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes faecalis)。本研究为天鹅蛋的抗菌防腐贮藏提供了参考。      

乙醇喷涂处理对年糕微生物及理化品质的影响

为了探讨不同质量分数乙醇喷涂处理年糕对保鲜效果及腐败菌的影响,对经乙醇喷涂处理后的年糕定期测定水分含量、硬度、p H和色泽,以此评价品质变化,同时采用16S r DNA基因序列分析法鉴定年糕腐败菌。结果表明,与对照相比乙醇组处理均能显著(p<0.05)抑制年糕硬度的上升和色泽褐变、有效减少年糕水分的散失以及延缓p H的下降;乙醇组菌落总数和霉菌总数均显著低于对照组(p<0.01),且随着乙醇质量分数的增加,抑菌效果更好;年糕的优势腐败菌从初期的巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)31.5%和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)32.3%,逐渐转变为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)63.2%。结果表明,乙醇喷涂处理在年糕保鲜中具有较好的抑菌作用,能延长年糕的货架期,在年糕保鲜中具有很好的应用前景。      

响应面法优化防腐剂在腌制大头菜中抑制腐败微生物的效果

微生物的繁殖是导致袋装腌制蔬菜腐败变质的根本原因,为了延长食品的保存期和货架期,对防腐剂进行筛选和优化,研究了防腐剂对腌制大头菜中腐败微生物的抑制效果。以腌制大头菜中筛选得到的芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus stubtilitus)、巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)、产硫芽孢杆菌(Bacillus boroniphilus)、球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus sphaericus)、近邹褶念珠菌(Candida pararugos)、酵母类念珠菌(Candida zemplinina)为研究对象,考察了苯甲酸钠、脱氢乙酸钠、山梨酸钾、亚硫酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对以上腐败菌的抑制作用。在此基础上,探讨了防腐剂复配对大头菜中腐败菌的抑制效果。结果表明,苯甲酸钠、脱氢乙酸钠、EDTA对腌制大头菜中腐败菌有明显的抑制作用。响应面优化得到复合防腐剂最佳配方为苯甲酸钠0.5 g/L,脱氢乙酸钠0.2 g/L,EDTA0.2 g/L。在该复配条件下对于实验中抗性较强的菌株Bacillus sp.、Lysinibacillus sphaericus有良好的抑制效果,抑制率都在99%以上。      

凡纳滨对虾优势腐败菌鉴定及其致腐能力的初步研究

分析鉴定了凡纳滨对虾0℃与20℃贮藏条件下的菌相组成与优势腐败菌,并对优势腐败菌16SrDNA、生长动力学、致腐能力与菌落数的变化进行了测定。结果表明,0℃与20℃贮藏条件下,对虾优势腐败菌分别是希瓦氏菌(30%)、不动杆菌(16.7%)与希瓦氏菌(46.5%)、发光杆菌(17.7%)。7℃条件下,将一定浓度的希瓦氏菌与不动杆菌菌悬液接种到无菌对虾上,结果显示接种希瓦氏菌的样品其腐败代谢产物产量因子YTVB-N/CFU、YTMA/CFU分别为12.44×10-9、6.193×10-10,而接种不动杆菌的样品其YTVB-N/CFU、YTMA/CFU分别为8.937×10-9、5.548×10-10。结果表明,7℃条件下,希瓦氏菌的致腐能力强于不动杆菌,希瓦氏菌在对虾腐败过程中占主导作用,其分析结果与对虾菌相组成的鉴定结果相一致。     

冷鲜猪肉内外细菌菌群分离鉴定及变化规律研究

采用选择性培养基,分别对冷鲜猪肉内外的菌相组成进行分析鉴定,并研究其在储藏过程中的变化规律。实验鉴定出热杀索丝菌、假单胞菌、乳酸菌、肠杆菌科各2株以及葡萄球菌属1株;热杀索丝菌为托盘包装冷鲜猪肉的主要优势菌;整个培养过程中肠杆菌科和假单胞菌生长趋势明显;肉块内部的微生物生长速度高于肉块表面。     

Hydrogen Peroxide and Calcium Chloride Added to Irrigation Water as a Strategy to Reduce Bacterial Populations and Improve Quality of Fresh Mushrooms

The quality and value of fresh mushrooms are often diminished by the presence of high bacterial populations that cause a brown, blotchy appearance. The objective of the present research was to evaluate the addition of hydrogen peroxide and/or calcium chloride to irrigation water as a means to reduce total bacterial populations on fresh mushrooms. Crops were grown using commercial mushroom growing practices except for the addition of 0.75% hydrogen peroxide and/or 0.3% calcium chloride irrigation water added to the crop starting 11 d after the casing layer was applied on top of mushroom compost. Irrigation water without the added treatments acted as the control. Mushrooms were aseptically sampled from the production beds for enumerating bacterial counts. Total aerobic bacterial populations were determined by standard microbiological plating procedures. Mushroom whiteness (L‐value) and color (delta E) after harvest and postharvest storage were measured using a Minolta chromameter. Harvested mushrooms were separated by treatment and weighed to record yield. Mushrooms irrigated with water (control) had 7.3 log colony‐forming units (CFU) of aerobic bacterial populations per gram of fresh mushroom tissue. Compared with the control, irrigation with 0.75% hydrogen peroxide and 0.3% calcium chloride reduced the bacterial populations on fresh mushrooms by 87% (6.4 log CFU/g). Irrigation with hydrogen peroxide and calcium chloride significantly enhanced mushroom whiteness after harvest as well as after 6 d of postharvest storage at 12 °C. The irrigation treatments did not have a significant effect on crop yields; hence, the addition of hydrogen peroxide and calcium chloride to irrigation water was demonstrated to have good potential as a practical strategy to reduce bacterial populations and to improve the quality of fresh mushrooms.