基于细胞阻抗传感器的腹泻性毒素检测系统设计与实现

针对海洋水产品腹泻性毒素检测问题,设计了一种新型的基于细胞阻抗传感器(ECIS)的毒素快速检测分析系统。相对于传统的毒素检测方法,该系统具有操作简便,高一致性和高通量等特点。介绍了系统的硬件设计和软件设计,通过对系统整体性能测试以及使用神经母细胞瘤细胞(Neuro-2a)对腹泻性贝毒(DSP)大田软海绵酸(OA)进行毒性检测实验,用以验证系统平台的可行性。实验结果表明,基于细胞传感器的海洋水产品腹泻性毒性检测系统具备快速,长期,无损和高通量测量的特点,为腹泻性毒素检测提供了新的平台。     

Identification of heavy metal-contaminated Tegillarca granosa using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and linear regression for classification

Tegillarca granosa (T. granosa) is susceptible to heavy metals, which may pose a threat to consumer health. Thus, healthy and polluted T. granosa should be distinguished quickly. This study aimed to rapidly identify heavy metal pollution by using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) coupled with linear regression classification (LRC). Five types of T. granosa were studied, namely, Cd-, Zn-, Pb-contaminated, mixed contaminated, and control samples. Threshold method was applied to extract the significant variables from LIBS spectra. Then, LRC was used to classify the different types of T. granosa. Other classification models and feature selection methods were used for comparison. LRC was the best model, achieving an accuracy of 90.67%. Results indicated that LIBS combined with LRC is effective and feasible for T. granosa heavy metal detection.     

贝类质量安全监管系统的设计与实现

为提高贝类食品的质量安全,通过分析贝类质量安全监管信息的组成,运用贝类电子标签技术和计算机组件技术设计了基于．NET的海水贝类质量安全监管系统。实现了贝类产品从“养殖场到餐桌”的全程质量安全监管,形成了完整的贝类从海区到市场的追溯信息数据链条,构建了贝类质量安全追溯数据库,保障了贝类食品的消费安全。通过模拟测试,效果良好。系统既为消费者提供方便的查询平台,又为管理部门对贝类质量安全监控提供良好的操作平台。     

应用适体传感器检测食品中大田软海绵酸

大田软海绵酸（OA）在海产品中分布广泛,对食品安全造成极大威胁。因OA具有高毒性、小尺寸和低分子量的特性,使得其抗体的获得面临诸多困难。核酸适体SELEX筛选技术可针对小分子获得高亲和性、单一适体序列,在贝类生物毒素的检测中具备极大优势。本文对基于OA适体构建的生物传感器,如比色传感器、荧光传感器、电化学传感器等在OA快速检测中的应用进行了综述,并总结归纳了该类传感器的性能和应用潜力,讨论了适体传感器未来的发展方向,以期更好地促进其开发和应用。     

超高压液相色谱-高分辨质谱快速筛查和确证食用贝类中多种原多甲藻酸贝类毒素

建立超高压液相色谱-高分辨质谱快速筛查和确证贻贝、牡蛎、蚌类、扇贝等食用贝类及其制品中3 种天然形式的原多甲藻酸贝类毒素的检测方法。样品中的原多甲藻酸采用乙腈-水体系均质提取,应用改进型QuEChERS技术净化,在乙腈-水（含5 mmol/L醋酸铵和0.1%甲酸）体系经Acquity HSS T3柱（150 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm）梯度洗脱,实现了3 种原多甲藻酸贝类毒素的基线分离。该方法基于电喷雾正离子模式,采用高分辨质谱一级全扫描和数据依赖扫描,对食用贝类及其制品样品中的原多甲藻酸贝类毒素进行检测。3 种贝类毒素的定量限均为10 μg/kg（RSN＞10）;在10～500 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（R2）均大于0.99。应用该方法对国内外多个地区的贝类产品进行了筛查及确证,其中部分样品检出原多甲藻酸贝类毒素。该方法灵敏度高,重复性好,操作简便、快捷,适用于食用贝类及其制品中多种原多甲藻酸贝类毒素的筛查分析。     

全自动氨基酸分析仪法测定4种贝类肌肉中谷胱甘肽和游离氨基酸含量

建立一种测定贝类肌肉中谷胱甘肽和游离氨基酸的全自动氨基酸分析仪法,以4种常见贝类为研究对象,采用0.02 mol/L盐酸溶液作为提取剂,体积分数5%磺基水杨酸溶液为蛋白沉淀剂,同时优化了缓冲溶液的组成及洗脱程序,并对该方法的线性范围、检出限、精密度以及回收率进行测定。结果表明:贝类肌肉中的谷胱甘肽和游离氨基酸有着较好的分离效果,线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 1~0.999 9,检出限(RSN=3)为0.07~0.27μmol/L,加标平均回收率为86.40%~102.42%,日内和日间相对标准偏差分别为0.31%~0.73%和1.14%~2.60%。4种贝类肌肉组织中的游离氨基酸含量比较丰富,总游离氨基酸含量分别为1 396.39、1 016.04、911.15、287.01 mg/100 g,文蛤青蛤缢蛏牡蛎,主要的游离氨基酸为牛磺酸(Tau)、谷氨酸(Glu)、丙氨酸(Ala)、精氨酸(Arg);谷胱甘肽含量分别为103.20、82.53、61.77、33.37 mg/100 g,青蛤文蛤缢蛏牡蛎。该方法适用于贝类肌肉中谷胱甘肽和游离氨基酸含量的测定与分析。     

海洋贝类多糖的制备及生物活性研究概况

综述了海洋贝类多糖的多种制备技术（酶法、柱层析法、膜分离法等）及其增强免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等多种生物活性的研究进展,证明海洋贝类多糖是一种极具开发潜力和价值的天然功能食品,作为抗肿瘤、抗病毒药物有着广阔的应用前景。     

Inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Hard Clams (Mercanaria mercanaria) by High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) and the Effect of HHP on the Physical Characteristics of Hard Clam Meat

Shellfish may internalize dangerous pathogens during filter feeding. Traditional methods of depuration have been found ineffective against certain pathogens. The objective was to explore high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) as an alternative to the traditional depuration process. The effect of HHP on the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in live clams (Mercanaria mercanaria) and the impact of HHP on physical characteristics of clam meat were investigated. Clams were inoculated with up to 7 log CFU/g of a cocktail of V. parahaemolyticus strains via filter feeding. Clams were processed at pressures ranging from 250 to 552 MPa for hold times ranging between 2 and 6 min. Processing conditions of 450 MPa for 4 min and 350 MPa for 6 min reduced the initial concentration of V. parahaemolyticus to a nondetectable level (<10¹ CFU/g), achieving >5 log reductions. The volume of clam meat (processed in shell) increased with negligible change in mass after exposure to pressure at 552 MPa for 3 min, while the drip loss was reduced. Clams processed at 552 MPa were softer compared to those processed at 276 MPa. However, all HHP processed clams were found to be harder compared to unprocessed. The lightness (L*) of the meat increased although the redness (a*) decreased with increasing pressure. Although high pressure‐processed clams may pose a significantly lower risk from V. parahaemolyticus, the effect of the accompanied physical changes on the consumer's decision to purchase HHP clams remains to be determined. Practical Application : Shellfish may contain dangerous foodborne pathogens. Traditional methods of removing those pathogen have been found ineffective against certain pathogens. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on V. parahaemolyticus in clams. Processing conditions of 450 MPa for 4 min and 350 MPa for 6 min reduced the initial concentration of V. parahaemolyticus to a nondetectable level, achieving >5 log reductions.