Non-invasive headspace measurement for characterizing oxygen-scavenging in polymers

A non-invasive headspace analysis method to measure rate and amount of oxygen uptake in oxygen-scavenging polymers is presented. Oxygen uptake data for metal-catalyzed poly(1,4-butadiene) at 30 °C are provided to illustrate the method. These data were obtained by measuring oxygen headspace concentration above the scavenging polymer with an OxySense^® 200T non-invasive oxygen sensor, and, for comparison, oxygen uptake was measured with an analytical balance. Excellent agreement was observed between these two independent experiments.     

Radical scavenging activity of canola hull phenolics

Possible use of canola hulls as a source of natural anti-oxidants was explored. Cyclone canola hulls were extracted with methanol (30 to 80%, vol/vol) and acetone (30 to 80%, vol/vol). The free radical-scavenging activity of phenolic extracts so prepared was evaluated using the 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) radical ion (ABTS^o−), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and chemiluminescence assays. The total content of phenolics in prepared extracts from canola hulls ranged from 15 to 136 mg sinapic acid equivalents per gram of extract. Higher levels of condensed tannins were detected in the acetone extracts than in the corresponding methanolic counterparts. Seventy and 80% (vol/vol) acetone extracts displayed markedly stronger antioxidant activity than any of the other extracts investigated. Statistically significant linear correlations were found between TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) values (expressed in mM of Trolox equivalents per gram of extract) and total pehnolics, TEAC and total condensed tannins (i.e., determined using the modified vanillin and pronthocyanidin assays), as well as TEAC and protein precipitation activity of phenolic extracts (i.e., measured using the dye-labeled assay). The antioxidant activities of extracts as determined by the ABTS^o− radical ion assay correlated highly with those of the chemiluminescence and DPPH radical assays.     

Observations on the estimation of scavenging activity of phenolic compounds using rapid 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH<Superscript>•</Superscript>) tests

Rapid 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^•) tests are often applied to classify the scavenging activity of phenolic compounds (AH). Published analytical protocols differ in more than one experimental condition, and results for the relative order or magnitude of activity are often contradictory. In this work, parameters such as duration of test, [AH]/[DPPH^•] molar ratio, and solvent effects were examined and discussed. The test duration and the value of the [AH]/[DPPH^•] ratio did not influence the order of activity among tested antioxidants. Ethanol, commonly used as solvent in such tests, was compared with acetonitrile and tert-butyl alcohol. Solvent properties such as the ability to form hydrogen bonds with the AH seem to influence the level of the relative activity (%RSA). Higher %RSA values were observed in ethanol. The activity of the most polar compounds was affected the most, and in some cases (caffeic, dihydrocaffeic, and rosmarinic acids) the order of activity was changed owing to different kinetics. Standardization of the analytical protocol should include a 20-min reaction period and a molar ratio that permits attainment of a 60–80% RSA value for the most potent antioxidant. Solvent choice is critical for classifying activity. Safe classification can be based only on results from kinetic studies.     

压电发电器建模研究

压电发电器的优化设计必须以模型为基础。提出了一种新的压电发电器模型建立方法,运用该方法分别推导出2种结构的压电发电器的性能参数表达式,实验数据与表达式计算结果比较吻合,证明表达式可以用于压电发电器的性能预测。通过对输出参数表达式进行深入讨论,得出压电发电器的一般特性和相关参数与发电器性能参数之间的关系,可指导压电发电器的优化设计。     

类胡萝卜素抗氧化性质的研究

类胡萝卜素有多种生物学作用，包括抑癌防衰、减低一些疾病发生。其重要原因之一是它们的生物抗氧化剂特性：猝灭^1O2、清除自由基、抑制脂类过氧化与细胞呼吸爆发的抗氧化作用。采用H2O2－NaOCl体系产生的^1O2的发光法研究^1O2的猝灭作用，脉冲辐解法研究与CCl3OO的反应，测定自由基引发的亚油酸氢过氧化物生成和脂质体过氧化产物硫代巴比妥酸反应物生成研究抑制脂质过氧化，通过依赖于鲁米诺的化学发光法与无细胞模拟体系研究对巨噬细胞呼吸爆发的影响。研究表明：类胡萝卜素通过物理过程猝灭^1O2，与CCl3OO发生反应生成加合物与自由基正离子，可抑制自由基引发的脂质过氧化，可清除巨噬细胞呼吸爆发所释放的活性氧自由基，降低细胞依赖于鲁米诺的化学发光，保护宿主细胞与组织，增强细胞免疫反应活性。     

酶解法制备禾虫多肽液的工艺优化及其脱腥工艺探究

目的 应用单因素和响应面实验优化禾虫的酶解工艺,结合模糊数学法探究一种有效的脱腥方法。方法 以中性蛋白酶为酶解剂,禾虫为主要原料,研究液料比、酶用量、时间、温度、pH对酶解效果的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,以液料比、酶解温度、酶用量为自变量,禾虫多肽液的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除率为响应值,通过Box-Behnken响应面法分析不同因素对酶解效果的影响,确定酶解的最优组合,并应用美拉德反应、硅藻土和酵母粉对禾虫多肽液进行脱腥实验,模糊数学法评价3种脱腥处理的效果。结果 根据响应面实验得出禾虫的最佳酶解组合为：液料比1:1 (g/mL)、酶解温度60℃、中性蛋白酶用量2450 U/g,得到酶解液的DPPH自由基清除率47.25%±0.11%;禾虫多肽液脱腥的最佳处理为：酵母粉添加量0.7%,反应温度35℃,反应时间30 min。结论 中性蛋白酶酶解禾虫制备禾虫多肽液并采用酵母粉脱腥效果最佳,为禾虫的精深加工提供借鉴,促进禾虫产业的发展。     

冲泡型灵芝白茶的制备及其茶汤的抗氧化活性

以白茶、白芝、云芝和黑芝为原料制备冲泡型灵芝白茶,并以茶多酚作为阳性对照,以·OH、DPPH自由基、·O₂^-的清除率以及Fe²⁺诱导卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化的抑制率为指标,探究不同冲泡次数和冲泡时间对灵芝白茶茶汤抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,以白茶2.5 g、白芝0.4 g、云芝0.55 g、黑芝0.3 g混合制备成3.75g/袋的灵芝白茶感官品质最佳;冲泡次数、冲泡时间及二者交互作用对灵芝白茶茶汤抗氧化活性均具有极显著影响(P <0.01),且灵芝白茶3.75 g经200 mL开水(> 95℃)冲泡3 min后除渣所得茶汤的抗氧化活性最高(P <0.05),其对·OH的清除率为(74.05±0.82)%,与0.45 mg/mL茶多酚相当(P> 0.05);对·O₂^-的清除率达到(55.86±2.23)%,与0.40 mg/mL茶多酚相当(P> 0.05);对DPPH自由基清除率为(63.07±2.37)%,高于0.45 mg/mL茶多酚(P <0...     

不同提取方法对金华火腿粗肽液抗氧化活性的影响

研究两种提取方法(磷酸盐和盐酸)所得金华火腿粗肽液的抗氧化活性,以自由基的清除能力,金属离子螯合能力,还原力以及总抗氧化能力为测定指标,以还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)作对照。结果表明:磷酸盐法提取的金华火腿粗肽液(P)多肽含量显著(p<0.05)高于盐酸法提取的金华火腿粗肽液(H);质量浓度低于5mg/m L时,P和H清除DPPH自由基与超氧阴离子自由基能力无显著差异;P螯合金属离子的能力显著(p<0.05)高于H和GSH;当质量浓度为4mg/m L时,P还原力显著(p<0.05)高于H;当质量浓度为1mg/m L时,P总抗氧化能力达到GSH的48%,显著高于H(p<0.05)。因此磷酸盐所提取的金华火腿粗肽液抗氧化能力优于盐酸所提取的金华火腿粗肽液。      

河蚬抗氧化肽抗氧化稳定性研究

以河蚬抗氧化肽清除羟自由基的活性变化为指标,研究温度、p H、食品原料、防腐剂和不同金属离子对河蚬抗氧化肽抗氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明:河蚬抗氧化肽具有较强的耐热性,加热到100℃仍能保持95%以上的活性;在酸性环境中活性保持较好,在碱性条件下丧失较快;蔗糖、Na Cl对河蚬抗氧化肽的稳定性影响不明显,而葡萄糖和山梨酸钾会明显降低河蚬抗氧化肽活性（p<0.05）;K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Zn2+、Cu2+等金属离子对河蚬抗氧化肽稳定性均有不同程度的影响,其影响大小顺序为:Cu2+>Zn2+>Ca2+>K+>Mg2+。      

精炼对燕麦油抗氧化能力的影响

为进一步增加燕麦油作为食用油的开发价值,对石油醚、正己烷、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯和乙醇五种溶剂提取的燕麦油进行精炼,对精炼油的DPPH·清除及还原力进行研究,并同大豆油进行比较。研究结果发现,精炼后的油脂,其还原力与DPPH·清除率都低于毛油,且随提取溶剂极性的增强而增强,精炼后的不同溶剂提取的燕麦油和大豆油DPPH·清除率分别为:石油醚75.94%、正己烷74.98%、异丙醇75.38%、乙酸乙酯79.37%、乙醇82.81%、大豆油69.53%;还原力分别为:石油醚0.45、正己烷0.44、异丙醇0.48、乙酸乙酯0.46、乙醇0.52、大豆油0.32。此外,各种燕麦油的还原力与DPPH·清除率显著高于大豆油。