乳化法制备两歧双歧杆菌微胶囊

以两歧双歧杆菌BB01和BB28为试验菌株,活茵数及包埋产率为指标,研究了海藻酸钠浓度、CaCI：浓度、乳化时间及固定化时间对乳化法制备两歧双歧杆菌微胶囊的影响．结果表明：当两歧双歧杆菌BB01微胶囊制备的条件分别为海藻酸钠浓度2％、CaCl2浓度1％、乳化时间10min、固定化时间15min时,对应的活菌数分别为4．9×10^9cfu／mL、3．06×10^9cfu／mL、2．47×10^9cfu／mL和4．37×10^9cfu／mL,包埋产率分别为80％、56．7％、40．9％和54．1％;当两歧双歧杆菌BB28微胶囊制备的条件分别为海藻酸钠浓度2．5oA、CaCl。浓度1％、乳化时间15min、固定化时间15min时,对应的活菌数分别为4．0×10^9cfu／mL、41×10^9cfu／mL、1．59×10^9cfu／mL和5．55×10^9cfu／mL,包埋产率分别为80％、92％、87％和76．1％．     

微生态制剂在水产养殖中的应用

主要从防治鱼病的发生及减少抗生素滥用、改良水质和防治有害蓝藻等三个方面的作用综述了微生物制剂在水产养殖中的应用现状及研究进展,分析了目前微生物制剂研究及生产中存在的问题,并对微生物制剂在水产养殖中的研究及应用发展趋势作了进一步的展望。     

Lactobacillus sakei MJM60958 as a Potential Probiotic Alleviated Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet by Modulating Lipid Metabolism,Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease with a rapidly increasing number of cases worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus sakei MJM60958 (MJM60958) on NAFLD in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro tests, MJM60958 significantly inhibited lipid accumulation by 46.79% in HepG2 cells stimulated with oleic acid and cholesterol (OA-C). Moreover, MJM60958 showed safe and probiotic characteristics in vitro. In the animal study, MJM60958 administration in a high-fat diet-induced NAFLD mouse model significantly reduced body weight and liver weight, and controlled aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), triglyceride (TG), urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid (UA) levels in the blood, which are features of NAFLD. Further, treatment with MJM60958 also reduced steatosis scores in liver tissues, serum leptin and interleukin, and increased serum adiponectin content. Moreover, administration of MJM60958 resulted in a significantly decreased expression of some genes and proteins which are related to lipid accumulation, such as fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), and also upregulated genes and protein expression of lipid oxidation such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1A). Administration of MJM60958 increased the relative abundance of specific microbial taxa such as Verrucomicrobia, which are abundant in non-NAFLD mice, and reduced Firmicutes, which are a major group in NAFLD mice. MJM60958 affected the modulation of gut microbiota and altered the strain profile of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production in the cecum by reduced lactic acid and enhanced acetic acid production. Overall, MJM60958 showed potential as a probiotic that can prevent and treat NAFLD.     

Rapid Proteomic Characterization of Bacteriocin-Producing Enterococcus faecium Strains from Foodstuffs

Enterococcus belongs to a group of microorganisms known as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which constitute a broad heterogeneous group of generally food-grade microorganisms historically used in food preservation. Enterococci live as commensals of the gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals, although they also are present in food of animal origin (milk, cheese, fermented sausages), vegetables, and plant materials because of their ability to survive heat treatments and adverse environmental conditions. The biotechnological traits of enterococci can be applied in the food industry; however, the emergence of enterococci as a cause of nosocomial infections makes their food status uncertain. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing allow the subtyping of bacterial pathogens, but it cannot reflect the temporal dynamics and functional activities of microbiomes or bacterial isolates. Moreover, genetic analysis is based on sequence homologies, inferring functions from databases. Here, we used an end-to-end proteomic workflow to rapidly characterize two bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus faecium (Efm) strains. The proteome analysis was performed with liquid chromatography coupled to a trapped ion mobility spectrometry-time-of-flight mass spectrometry instrument (TimsTOF) for high-throughput and high-resolution characterization of bacterial proteins. Thus, we identified almost half of the proteins predicted in the bacterial genomes (>1100 unique proteins per isolate), including quantifying proteins conferring resistance to antibiotics, heavy metals, virulence factors, and bacteriocins. The obtained proteomes were annotated according to function, resulting in 22 complete KEGG metabolic pathway modules for both strains. The workflow used here successfully characterized these bacterial isolates and showed great promise for determining and optimizing the bioengineering and biotechnology properties of other LAB strains in the food industry.     

Microbiota Composition in Diverticular Disease: Implications for Therapy

Gut microbiota (GM) composition and its imbalance are crucial in the pathogenesis of several diseases, mainly those affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Colon diverticulosis and its clinical manifestations (diverticular disease, DD) are among the most common digestive disorders in developed countries. In recent literature, the role of GM imbalance in the onset of the different manifestations within the clinical spectrum of DD has been highlighted. This narrative review aims to summarize and critically analyze the current knowledge on GM dysbiosis in diverticulosis and DD by comparing the available data with those found in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The rationale for using probiotics to rebalance dysbiosis in DD is also discussed.     

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Effects of Potential Probiotics Isolated from Korean Fermented Foods

A total of sixteen bacterial strains were isolated and identified from the fourteen types of Korean fermented foods that were evaluated for their in vitro probiotic potentials. The results showed the highest survivability for Bacillus sp. compared to Lactobacillus sp. in simulated gastric pH, and it was found to be maximum for B. inaquosorum KNUAS016 (8.25 ± 0.08 log10 CFU/mL) and minimum for L. sakei KNUAS019 (0.8 ± 0.02 log10 CFU/mL) at 3 h of incubation. Furthermore, B. inaquosorum KNUAS016 and L. brevis KNUAS017 also had the highest survival rates of 6.86 ± 0.02 and 5.37 ± 0.01 log10 CFU/mL, respectively, in a simulated intestinal fluid condition at 4 h of incubation. The percentage of autoaggregation at 6 h for L. sakei KNUAS019 (66.55 ± 0.33%), B. tequilensis KNUAS015 (64.56 ± 0.14%), and B. inaquosorum KNUAS016 (61.63 ± 0.19%) was >60%, whereas it was lower for L. brevis KNUAS017 (29.98 ± 0.09%). Additionally, B. subtilis KNUAS003 showed higher coaggregation at 63.84 ± 0.19% while B. proteolyticus KNUAS001 found at 30.02 ± 0.33%. Among them, Lactobacillus sp. showed the best non-hemolytic activity. The highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity was observed in L. sakei KNUAS019 (58.25% and 71.88%). The cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus sp. considerably inhibited pathogenic growth, while the cell-free supernatant of Bacillus sp. was moderately inhibited when incubated for 24 h. However, the overall results found that B. subtilis KNUAS003, B. proteolyticus KNUAS012, L. brevis KNUAS017, L. graminis KNUAS018, and L. sakei KNUAS019 were recognized as potential probiotics through different functional and toxicity assessments.     

The Role of Psychobiotics in Supporting the Treatment of Disturbances in the Functioning of the Nervous System—A Systematic Review

Stress and anxiety are common phenomena that contribute to many nervous system dysfunctions. More and more research has been focusing on the importance of the gut–brain axis in the course and treatment of many diseases, including nervous system disorders. This review aims to present current knowledge on the influence of psychobiotics on the gut–brain axis based on selected diseases, i.e., Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, depression, and autism spectrum disorders. Analyses of the available research results have shown that selected probiotic bacteria affect the gut–brain axis in healthy people and people with selected diseases. Furthermore, supplementation with probiotic bacteria can decrease depressive symptoms. There is no doubt that proper supplementation improves the well-being of patients. Therefore, it can be concluded that the intestinal microbiota play a relevant role in disorders of the nervous system. The microbiota–gut–brain axis may represent a new target in the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, this topic needs more research. Such research could help find effective treatments via the modulation of the intestinal microbiome.     

Lactobacillus pentosus MJM60383 Inhibits Lipid Accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans Induced by Enterobacter cloacae and Glucose

Gut microbiota are known to play an important role in obesity. Enterobacter cloacae, a Gram-negative bacterium, has been considered a pathogenic bacterium related to obesity in the gut. In this study, we established an obesity model of C. elegans by feeding E. cloacae combined with a high glucose diet (HGD), which significantly induced lipid accumulation. An anti-lipid mechanism study revealed that the fatty acid composition and the expression level of fat metabolism-related genes were altered by feeding E. cloacae to C. elegans under HGD conditions. Lactic acid bacteria that showed antagonistic activity against E. cloacae were used to screen anti-obesity candidates in this model. Among them, L. pentosus MJM60383 (MJM60383) showed good antagonistic activity. C. eleans fed with MJM60383 significantly reduced lipid accumulation and triglyceride content. The ratio of C18:1Δ9/C18:0 was also changed in C. elegans by feeding MJM60383. In addition, the expression level of genes related to fatty acid synthesis was significantly decreased and the genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation were up-regulated by feeding MJM60383. Moreover, MJM60383 also exhibited a high adhesive ability to Caco-2 cells and colonized the gut of C. elegans. Thus, L. pentosus MJM60383 can be a promising candidate for anti-obesity probiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that uses E. cloacae combined with a high-glucose diet to study the interactions between individual pathogens and probiotics in C. elegans.     

抗食源性致病菌益生菌的筛选及其抑菌活性评价

采用交叉划线法、径向划线法、琼脂扩散法及液体共培养法评价各益生菌菌株及其代谢产物对4 株具代表性食源性致病菌的抑菌作用,并从20?株益生菌中筛选出同时对单核细胞性李斯特菌和金黄色葡萄球菌（革兰氏阳性致病菌）及大肠杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌（革兰氏阴性致病菌）具有良好抑菌活性的益生菌菌株。将筛选出的益生菌添加到羟丙基纤维素、丙三醇及魔芋粉的高分子复合材料中制备生物活性抑菌膜,并对抑菌膜中益生菌的存活情况及抑菌膜的抗菌效果进行评价。交叉划线法及径向划线法实验结果一致：乳杆菌属和肠球菌属的菌株,特别是Lactobacillus paracasei CICC 20241菌株对4?株目标致病菌均具有较高的抗菌活性;琼脂扩散法实验表明：L. paracasei CICC 20241菌株的培养液、上清液和菌悬液均具有较好的抑菌效果;液体共培养法实验表明：乳酸菌L. paracasei CICC 20241先于致病菌接种时表现出更高的生长活性和拮抗活性。此外,本实验制备的抑菌膜是L. paracasei CICC 20241菌株的良好载体,适宜该菌株的生长存活并对目标致病菌表现出持续的抗菌活性,对于开发鲜食食品的包装材料具有较大的应用潜力。     

响应面法优化益生菌发酵青稞饮料工艺

以青稞酶解液为原料,采用单因素试验研究了发酵时间、发酵起始pH、发酵温度、益生菌接种量等因素对发酵的影响,并以发酵酸度为响应值,采用响应面法对益生菌发酵青稞饮料的发酵工艺进行了优化。结果表明,发酵起始pH值为7.3,发酵温度41 ℃,接种量4.7%,发酵时间72 h,可得到酸度68.67 °T活性益生菌发酵青稞饮料。