The haustorium and the chemistry of host recognition in parasitic angiosperms

Two parasitic angiosperms,Agalinis purpurea (Scrophulariaceae) andStriga asiatica (Scrophulariaceae), are compared as to the chemical recognition events involved in host selection.Agalinis is a hemiparasite which can mature to seed-set without a host, whereasStriga is a holoparasite and survives for only a very limited time without a host. Both parasites, however, attach to a host through a specialized organ known as the haustorium and regulate the development of this organ through the recognition of chemical factors from host plants. We now describe the discovery of 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (2,6-DMBQ) as an haustoria-inducing principle fromSorghum root extracts. Our investigation of this compound has led us to suggest that one level of host recognition in these parasitic plants is mediated through their enzymatic digestion of the host root surface. Degradation of surface components liberates quinonoid compounds, such as 2,6-DMBQ, which in turn trigger haustorial development.     

Klebsieila sp．601细菌漆酶的鉴定及性质

从森林树木根部土壤中分离得到一株具有2，6-二甲氧基酚（DMP）和2，2＇-连氮基-双（3-乙基苯丙噻唑啉-6磺酸（ABTS）氧化活性的细菌。Cu^2＋、Ca^2＋、Mn^2＋、Fe^2＋和Mg^2＋可诱导细菌表达活性的胞质可溶性单体酶蛋白。该酶进行DMP或ABTS氧化时需要铜离子的协助，在pH5．0～7．5范围内氧化DMP，在pH4．0～4．5范围内氧化ABTS，但不能氧化酪氨酸。SDS-PAGE估测酶蛋白分子量大约为55kD。经60℃处理4h或pH10条件下透析20h仍能保持酶活性。16S rDNA序列分析结合常规细菌形态学分析，表明该细菌属于克雷伯氏菌（Klebsiella）属，并命名为Klebsiella sp．60l。这是首例报道Klebsiella细菌菌株具有漆酶活性。     

漆酶氧化还原介质系统的作用机理及其应用

对漆酶-氧化还原介质系统作用机理及其应用的研究进展进行了综述。漆酶的催化反应发生在铜离子形成的活性中心,当介质存在时通过介质中间体传导电子使得反应的速度加快,效率提高,氧化底物范围可进一步扩大。这种漆酶介质系统作为新型的生物制剂在纸浆漂白、纺织品生物整理、环保等方面具有重要的应用价值。     

基于有序介孔碳/PDDA固定化漆酶的邻苯二酚传感器性能研究

采用有机交联水性环氧树脂为碳源,以SBA-15为模板,制备了有序介孔碳(OMC),并对其电化学性能进行研究。透射电镜结果表明其具有典型的二维有序六角介孔结构,孔径大约为3nm。电化学测试结果表明OMC/Lac/Au电极对邻苯二酚具有很好的电催化氧化活性。将OMC应用于构建漆酶生物传感器,结果表明,传感器对邻苯二酚的线性检测范围为0.67~8.59μmol/L,灵敏度为0.349A/(mol/L),检测限为0.117μmol/L。     

白腐菌Pleurotus ostreatus漆酶的生产及其最佳诱导条件

漆酶可催化酚类化合物和芳香胺的氧化,在小分子介体物质存在下,漆酶氧化范围可进一步扩大。白腐菌Pleurotusostreatus3.42产漆酶能力强,可成为工业用漆酶的重要生产者。研究结果表明,其在静止培养条件下,菌体生长及产漆酶能力都优于摇床培养,同时限氮培养也利于漆酶的生产。在所选的碳氮源中,纤维素和酪蛋白为最佳碳氮源。在诱导剂中ABTS诱导效果最佳,添加后漆酶酶活可达1000U／mL。     

龙眼漆酶基因(DlLac)的克隆及表达分析

以‘石硖’龙眼为试材,采用RT-PCR结合RACE技术成功克隆一个龙眼漆酶基因全长c DNA序列,命名为Dl Lac,NCBI登录号为KY051551。Dl Lac基因序列全长1898 bp,编码576个氨基酸,NCBI比对结果显示其与荔枝漆酶氨基酸序列同源性最高,高达94%;进化树结果显示龙眼漆酶氨基酸序列与荔枝漆酶氨基酸序列具有高度同源性。氨基酸保守序列结果表明龙眼漆酶氨基酸序列含有漆酶的3个典型保守结构域,分别为:Cu-oxidase-3、Cu-oxidase和Cu-oxidase-2。结合龙眼果实在常温、低温贮藏条件下,果皮褐变与Dl Lac的表达关系,推测Dl Lac的上调表达可能对龙眼果皮褐变起促进作用。      

漆酶改性对蔗渣TMP磨浆能耗和成纸性能的影响

研究漆酶NS51003/介体体系(LMS)改性对未漂蔗渣TMP性能的影响,探讨不同酶用量对PFI磨磨浆能耗、成纸强度性能、白度及返黄的影响。结果表明,LMS处理后可以节约磨浆能耗,纸浆可漂性提高,白度提高6.5%ISO;纸页抗张强度、撕裂强度均得到明显的改善,同时紧度也得到一定程度的提高。     

灵芝突变株G1502漆酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

对灵芝突变株G1502发酵液中漆酶的分离纯化方法及酶学性质进行了初步研究.通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)分析发现,G1502在发酵时只分泌一种漆酶.发酵液经透析浓缩、DEAE-纤维素柱层析,比活力提高 24.28倍,酶活力回收率18.66%.以愈创木酚为底物时该酶的动力学常数K m=1.94×10-4mol/L,Vmax=2.28×10-6 mol/L·min;愈创木酚浓度高时对酶活性有抑制作用.K 对酶有激活作用,Cu2 激活作用不大,Fe 2 、Co2 、Ca2 、Na 、Ba2 对酶活力有抑制作用.     

真菌液态发酵产漆酶的培养条件优化研究进展

漆酶是一类可降解木质素的含铜多酚氧化酶,存在于多种植物、真菌、少数昆虫和细菌中,被广泛应用于废水处理、染整工艺及食品工业等领域。同其它来源的漆酶相比,真菌漆酶具有更好的热稳定性及更高的催化效率。液态发酵是目前人们用来生产真菌漆酶比较常用的方法。研究综述了近几年在真菌液态发酵产漆酶培养条件优化方面的研究进展。     

Genome-Wide Identification of Switchgrass Laccases Involved in Lignin Biosynthesis and Heavy-Metal Responses

Plant laccase genes belong to a multigene family, play key roles in lignin polymerization, and participate in the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Switchgrass is an important resource for forage and bioenergy production, yet information about the switchgrass laccase gene family is scarce. Using bioinformatic approaches, a genome-wide analysis of the laccase multigene family in switchgrass was carried out in this study. In total, 49 laccase genes (PvLac1 to PvLac49) were identified; these can be divided into five subclades, and 20 of them were identified as targets of miR397. The tandem and segmental duplication of laccase genes on Chr05 and Chr08 contributed to the expansion of the laccase family. The laccase proteins shared conserved signature sequences but displayed relatively low sequence similarity, indicating the potential functional diversity of switchgrass laccases. Switchgrass laccases exhibited distinct tissue/organ expression patterns, revealing that some laccases might be involved in the lignification process during stem development. All five of the laccase isoforms selected from different subclades responded to heavy metal. The immediate response of lignin-related laccases, as well as the delayed response of low-abundance laccases, to heavy-metal treatment shed light on the multiple roles of laccase isoforms in response to heavy-metal stress.