脂溶性茶多酚的制备与表征

茶多酚(Teapolyphenols,TP)是一种天然抗氧化剂,但其易溶于水,难溶于油的特性使其应用受到了限制。实验通过月桂酰氯酰化制备了脂溶性茶多酚。结果表明,制备脂溶性茶多酚最佳反应条件为:在氮气气氛中,反应温度控制在75￣78℃,用乙酸乙酯作溶剂,将月桂酰氯与茶多酚以n(月桂酰氯)∶n(TP)=5∶1反应而得到。     

茶叶儿茶素组分HPLC测定中的提取方法研究

以蒸青绿茶为材料,利用单因素试验和正交实验研究了不同提取时间、不同提取温度以及不同提取料液比例等对茶叶中儿茶素组分的影响。结果表明:当提取料液比例为1:125(g:mL)、提取温度为70℃、提取时间为30 min时,蒸馏水一次提取可以达到相对理想的提取效果,适用于常规分析实验。     

Cream formation in a semifermented tea

The formation of cream in Paochung tea, a popular semifermented tea, which undergoes a lesser degree of enzymic oxidation during manufacture, was investigated at various extraction temperatures, extraction times, pHs and leaf/water ratios. The primary components of Paochung tea cream were catechins (30%), caffeine (20%) and protein (16%). (−)-Epigallocatechin gallate and (−)-epicatechin gallate were the major catechins precipitated during creaming, constituting 19% and 5% of the tea cream respectively. The amount of tea cream produced and its composition were influenced by extraction temperature and pH. The tea leaf/water ratio determined the amount of tea cream formed but did not affect the cream composition. Catechins were considered to be the key component in tea cream. They interacted with caffeine and protein to induce tea cream formation. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Polyphenolic composition and in vitro antioxidant activities of native‐ and tannase‐treated green tea extracts

The antioxidant activities of native‐ and tannase‐treated green tea extracts along with their major polyphenol components were investigated. The polyphenolic content and composition of the tea before and after tannase treatment were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Approximately 99% of the (?)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (?)‐epicatechin gallate (ECG) in green tea extract were converted by tannase to (?)‐epigallocatechin (EGC) and (?)‐epicatechin (EC), respectively, after 30 min. Biotransformed green tea exhibited a significantly higher DPPH˙ radical scavenging activities than native green tea (EC₅₀ value of 0.024 ± 0.001 and 0.044 ± 0.001 mg mL^?1, respectively). Kinetic parameters such as scavenging rate and stoichiometry were calculated. The rate of DPPH˙ radical scavenging activities for tannase‐treated green tea extract was shown to be higher than native green tea extract.     

儿茶素单体分离制备方法

茶叶中含有丰富的儿茶素类物质,占茶叶干重12%～24%,是茶叶中最具生理活性和保健功效的物质。文中对目前国内外纯化制备儿茶素的常见方法进行了综述。常见的儿茶素制备方法包括纤维素柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH—20)、硅胶柱层析、吸附树脂柱层析和高速逆流色谱等方法。通过这些方法制备的儿茶素单体纯度不高,仍需结合结晶、制备型液相色谱技术或膜分离技术进行进一步纯化,从而才能获得高纯度的儿茶素单体。在儿茶素单体的制备方法中,每种方法都有相应的优缺点。Sephadex LH—20柱层析分离的量较大,但是分离时间较长,而且Sephadex LH—20柱填料昂贵;高速逆流色谱分离效果较好,得到的儿茶素单体的纯度较高,分离时间相对要短,但是目前市场上只有分析型,分离的量相对少;硅胶材料廉价,但是分离的效果不佳,且分离过程相对繁琐,单体制备量较小;吸附树脂柱层析分离已实现EGCG单体的工业化生产,但在其他儿茶素单体的分离制备上尚不成熟。     

Fractionation of green tea extracts: correlation of antimutagenic effect with flavanol content

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of individual flavanols in the antimutagenic potential of green tea. Aqueous extracts of green tea were fractionated into four fractions, each of which was fully defined with respect to its content of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-epicatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epicatechin and gallic acid. The ability of each fraction to antagonize the mutagenicity of four model mutagens, namely N-nitrosopyrrolidine, benzo(a)pyrene, 2-aminoanthracene and Glu-P-1 (2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a: 3,2-d]imidazole), was investigated in the Ames test. No correlation could be established between any of the flavanols and antimutagenic potential. Similarly, no correlation was evident between the flavanol content of each fraction and its ability to inhibit CYP1A, as exemplified by the O-dealkylations of methoxy- and ethoxy-resorufin. Furthermore, no relationship could be established between CYP2B activity, as exemplified by the O-depentylation of pentoxyresorufin and the antimutagenic potential of green tea. Using a modified Ames test procedure, the ability of each tea fraction to scavenge the metabolically generated reactive intermediates of the model mutagens was investigated, this being an additional mechanism of the antimutagenic potential of green tea. Generally, fractions with high flavanol content were more effective scavengers. It is concluded that the contribution of flavanols to the antimutagenic activity of green tea is, at best, limited. ©1997 SCI     

儿茶素组成对化学氧化形成茶黄素的影响机理

采用Sephadex LH-20柱色谱法分离茶多酚,获得纯度为ECG 980.0mg·g-1、EC 960.0mg·g-1、EGC 900.0mg·g-1、EGCG 980.0mg·g-1的儿茶素单体,并以制备的儿茶素单体为反应原料,按照不同的比例,进行碱性氧化和酸性氧化反应,探讨儿茶素组成对茶黄素化学氧化形成的影响及作用机理。结果表明：儿茶素碱性氧化和酸性氧化产物存在明显差异,且碱性氧化产物较酸性氧化产物复杂,存在很多未知的氧化产物,有待进一步鉴定。     

Scavenging effect of tea catechins and their epimers on superoxide anion radicals generated by a hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase system

Catechins are a major group of polyphenolic compounds contained in abundance in green tea. Using electron spin resonance spectroscopy along with a spin‐trapping agent, the scavenging effect of tea catechins and their corresponding epimers against superoxide anion radicals generated by a hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase reaction system was evaluated. The presence of 3′,4′,5′‐trihydroxyl groups attached to the B‐ring of the flavan skeleton of tea catechins elevated their radical‐scavenging efficiency in comparison to those with 3′,4′‐dihydroxyl groups. There were no significant differences between the four dominant tea catechins and their corresponding epimers with regard to radical‐scavenging ability. Under the different spin‐trapping agent concentrations, the sigmoid curves of reducing spin‐trapping adducts produced by tea catechins were shifted leftward, suggesting that a likely possible action of tea catechins is to scavenge superoxide anion radicals directly, not to inhibit the function of xanthine oxidase. Although caffeine is also known as a major ingredient of tea, its superoxide anion radical‐scavenging effect was much weaker than that of the catechin family. It is concluded that tea catechins and their epimers serve as powerful antioxidants for directly eliminating superoxide anion radicals, and may be useful in the prevention of diseases relating to in vivo oxidative stress. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Selective elution of tea catechins and caffeine from polyvinylpolypyrrolidone

Desorption of catechins and caffeine from polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) was comprehensively investigated. The result showed that caffeine could easily be desorbed from PVPP by the tested solvents except n‐hexane, while catechins could only be thoroughly done by dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). Excellent desorption efficiency of DMSO and DMF might be attributed to their high dipole moments and H‐bond potentials. Addition of ethanol was recommended considering the elution efficiency and fluidity, but ethanol volume should be <40% (v/v) for DMSO or 20% (v/v) for DMF. Desorption would get to equilibrium within 1 h and followed the pseudo‐second‐order model. Caffeine and catechins could be separately desorbed through two‐stage elution procedure, that is, water or 20% aqueous ethanol for desorbing caffeine and part of nongalloylated catechins and DMSO/ethanol (8/2, v/v) for eluting the remaining catechins. Highly purified catechins (~95%) with high level (~70%) galloylated catechins would be achieved when the desorption procedure was applied in column chromatograph.