死髓变色前牙的激光漂白治疗临床评价

本文的研究目的是探讨激光冠内漂白治疗死髓牙变色的治疗作用。材料与方法 :漂白基本操作同激光活髓牙变色的漂白操作程序。先将牙龈及口唇有效防护 ,将漂白药物放在唇舌两面并同时封入根冠内。结果 :所有牙齿的灰暗变色均有 3- 5级的色度提高。平均治疗次数为 3.4± 0 .75 ,脱色 85 %以上的占 89%。结论 :牙齿创伤和牙髓分解是冠内变色的常见原因 ,激光冠内漂白是治疗这种变色的有效手段 ,可以完全恢复患者的自信。     

Varnish layer hardness of oriental beech (fagus orientalist L.) wood as affected by impregnation and bleaching

The impacts of impregnation and bleaching on the varnish layer hardness of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalist L.) wood were investigated. A number of bleaching combinations {[NaOH−H₂O₂], [NaOH−Ca(OH)₂−H₂O₂], [NaOH−MgSO₄−H₂O₂] [NaHSO₃−H₂C₂O₄], [NaSiO₃−H₂O₂], [KMnO₄+NaHSO₃+H₂O₃]} were applied at 18% concentration for bleaching to both impregnated and unimpregnated specimens of Oriental beech wood. Subsequently, water-based (WB) varnish was coated over the samples and the varnish layer hardness values were determined in accordance with ASTM D 4366-95. All of the chemicals used for bleaching reduced the surface hardness. However, after varnish coating, the hardness of most samples was similar to that of the varnish-coated natural (control) samples.     

新型螺旋式浓硝酸漂白塔及其应用

针对传统的帽罩式浓硝酸漂白塔存在的缺点和不足，找出原因并予以改进，开发研制出螺旋式浓硝酸漂白塔，改进了工艺状况，减少了维修工作量，达到了节能降耗的目的，确保了直接法浓硝酸装置的长周期运行。     

Kinetics of hydrogen peroxide bleaching of ALCELL® derived pulp

In this study, a kinetic model of the final bleaching stage with hydrogen peroxide in a totally chlorine free (TCF) bleaching sequence for ALCELL® processed pulp was developed. The model was based on the rate of chromophore destruction characterized by the decrease in the light absorption coefficient of bleached pulp at 457 nm, C_K. Based on the fact that the chromophore destruction proceeds rapidly in an initial phase followed by a much slower reaction during which a “floor-level” chromophore concentration is approached asymptotically, we propose that the hydrogen peroxide stage of the ALCELL® derived pulp in the studied TCF sequence consists of two distinct phases. The initial phase is a very fast reaction. The rate equation of the second phase was determined as: which is valid in a pH range of 10.5 to 11.5 and a temperature range of 60 to 92.5°C.     

De-oiling contaminated bleaching clay by high-pressure extraction

The disposal and re-use of spent bleaching clay from the vegetable oil processing industry is a problem of growing importance. Although today the only practical way of removal of the spent material is disposal, extraction with organic solvents is a well-known method of de-oiling contaminated bleaching clay. In our investigations we compare the extractibility of two different types of bleaching clays with CO₂ as a solvent. All experiments were carried out with a high-pressure extraction plant. The extraction and separation conditions, temperature and pressure, as well as the CO₂ mass flow, were varied during experiments. The aim of our investigations was a complete separation of the oil from the adsorbent. The latter should then be re-used as bleaching clay. The oil and the bleaching clay were analyzed and tested, respectively. The results show that oil of good quality can be recovered and the bleaching clay still has an activity approximately 50% of fresh clay.     

二氧化氯的生产和应用评述

详细评述了 2 0世纪二氧化氯的主要生产工艺和制备方法及二氧化氯作为漂白剂、消毒杀菌剂、水处理剂等在多种行业中的应用 ,分析展望了 2 1世纪二氧化氯的生产和应用前景 ,认为应在我国大力发展二氧化氯的生产并促进其应用。     

原色纱亚麻织物麻皮漂白去除方法探讨

在亚麻织物前处理加工过程中较难去除的是亚麻麻皮木质素,针对亚麻织物前处理工艺中亚麻麻皮的漂白或去除难易程度进行了试验,并探讨了原色纱亚麻织物中麻皮木质素漂白或去除适用的加强煮练、氯漂、酸洗等工艺方法.     

Reaction of sodium perborate with a chlorinated cyclic hindered amine (TMP-Cl): I. Quantitative evaluation of active oxygen species in fabric bleaching

The reaction of N-chloro-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TMP-Cl) with sodium perborate (PB) was investigated with special reference to the generation of singlet oxygen and the possible application to a new oxidative bleaching process. Generation of the singlet oxygen (¹O₂), the hydroxyl radical (HO·) and superoxide anion radical (O₂·⁻) in the PB/TMP-Cl mixed solution was confirmed by the trapping reagent method. From the results of another experiment, in which the bleaching abilities of each active oxygen species were confirmed, the main active oxygen species contributing to the bleaching of purpurogallin, the skeleton of black tea pigment, in the PB/TMP-Cl system was concluded to be¹O₂.     

金属蛋白助剂在大豆蛋白纤维过氧化氢漂白中的应用研究

探讨了金属蛋白助剂质量的浓度、过氧化氢质量浓度、硅酸钠等其它助剂质量浓度及漂白温度、漂白时间等因素对大豆蛋白纤维漂白效果的影响,确定出了金属蛋白助剂在过氧化氢漂白大豆蛋白纤维应用中的最佳催化漂白工艺,其为:金属蛋白助剂为2g/L,30%过氧化氢为15ml/L,硅酸钠为6g/L,精练剂为0.13g/L,在75℃下保温处理60min。并评价催化漂白新工艺的效果。结果表明,加入适量金属蛋白助剂可以提高过氧化氢对大豆蛋白纤维漂白的白度,并且提高纤维的保水率,但与未处理纤维相比,催化漂白新工艺处理的纤维强力降低了4.25%,断裂伸长率增加17.65%。     

脱色剂对碱炼大豆油酸值和过氧化值的影响

食用油脂加工过程中,脱除色素的同时能降低酸价和过氧化值.研究发现,不同吸附剂对油脂脱色、酸价、过氧化值的影响有差异,活性炭与活性白土配合使用,85℃脱色15~20 min时,脱色率提高明显,并能最大限度地降低酸值和过氧化值,改善风味,提高油品品质和稳定性.