碘光谱法测定非离子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度

考察了碘光谱法测定非离子表面活性剂在水溶液中的临界胶束浓度（ｃｍｃ）的影响因素。欲得正确结果，须将碘－胶束溶液（不同浓度）放置，待碘的分配达到平衡（例如２４ｈ）后再进行测定，这样测得ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００、ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－３０５和单分散的纯化合物Ｃ１２Ｈ２５Ｏ（Ｃ２Ｈ４Ｏ）６Ｈ的ｃｍｃ分别为２．４×１０－４、３．５×１０－４和８．４×１０－５ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ－３，与文献中用表面张力法测得的结果一致。若按Ｒｏｓｓ和Ｏｌｉｖｅｒ将预先配好的溶液稀释后１小时内测定的方法，则所得结果偏低。只要测定时碘－胶束溶液已达平衡，则碘浓度在４～１２ｍｇ／１００ｍｌ范围内对ｃｍｃ的测定结果无明显的影响。文献中提到的碘浓度对ｃｍｃ测定值的影响可能是由于碘的分配未达平衡所致。     

在涂料和型砂中气化模材料热裂解产物的分析研究

通过有机化合物波谱分析的方法，对气化模材料热裂解后进入涂料和型砂中的产物进行了分析研究。结果表明，这些裂解产物的组成非常复杂，有芳香烃，高级烷烃、烯烃和酯类等。根据这些结果，对聚苯乙烯热裂解机理进行了初步探讨。     

Ozone Treatment of Tannery Wastewater Monitored by Conventional and Substance Specific Wastewater Analyses

Ozone is an unstable and highly reactive gas applied in drinking water or wastewater treatment to oxidize and/or mineralize pollutants. Its application in wastewater treatment leads to a destruction of persistent pollutants combined with an improvement of biodegradability. The oxidation of organic and inorganic compounds in tannery wastewater at different pHs applying O₃ was studied. Results after O₃-treatment were determined by conventional wastewater parameters, e.g., total organic carbon (TOC), biochemical oxygen demand after 5 days (BOD₅), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), as well as by substance-specific mass spectrometric analytical techniques, i.e., gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography—mass and tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS and—MSⁿ). In parallel, variations in the toxicity of the tannery wastewater against water organisms before and after O₃-treatment were determined by means of biotoxicity testing, i.e., Daphnia magna Straus and Vibrio fischeri bioassays.     

灰色理论在柴油机油液监测中的应用研究

针对东风11型内燃机车装用的16V280ZJA型柴油机油液监测数据,首先进行了级比平滑检验和级比界区检验,检验其是否满足灰色理论中的非等间隔GM（1,1）模型的应用条件,然后对不同长度的序列、不同级比平滑度的序列以及新旧息更换的序列进行了拟合、预测和分析,计算结果显示了该模型分析和预测柴油机状态的有效性;同时根据不同序列的计算结果和对比分析,提出了应用该模型来模拟、预测监测对象运行状态以及数据采样应注意的一些因素。     

车用柴油机台架磨合过程影响因素研究--表面粗糙度对磨合过程的影响

利用MOA原子发射光谱分析仪、分析铁谱仪和TR200表面粗糙度仪，在其他台架磨合试验条件相同的情况下，研究CA6110Z-07Y柴油机主要摩擦副缸套-活塞环、主轴瓦和曲柄销轴瓦的不同表面粗糙度对柴油机台架磨合过程的影响。试验结果表明，当活塞环的初始表面粗糙度Ra小于0．4μm、缸套的初始表面粗糙度Ra小于0．75μm时，能够有效改善柴油机缸套-活塞环台架磨合质量，当主轴瓦和曲柄销轴瓦的Ra小于0．5μm时，能够有效改善柴油机轴瓦-轴颈台架磨合质量，能够缩短柴油机台架磨合时间，并且柴油机摩擦副中主要磨损元素Fe、Cu、Al和Pb的含量在25～35min均处于平衡状态。     

几种原油降凝降粘剂作用机理的红外光谱和X射线衍射研究

详细研究了从大庆、江汉、冀东原油分离出的石蜡、胶、沥青质用降凝降粘剂处理后红外特征吸收峰和Ｘ射线衍射峰的变化。由红外数据证实，降凝剂分子与石蜡分子发生共晶是原油降凝作用的主要机理。由红外和Ｘ射线衍射数据得出结论；降粘剂破坏胶质、沥青质分子平面重叠的聚集体，使聚集结构变疏松，聚集有序性降低，是原油降粘作用的机理。     

红外光谱标准加入法测定PC／ABS合金和ABS微结构组成

介绍用红外光谱标准加入法测定ＰＣ／ＡＢＳ合金和ＡＢＳ微结构组成。结果表明，该方法在标准样品难以获得或其他红外光谱定量方法难以定量测定样品时更能显示其优点，其结果与核磁共振测定结果相一致。     

Review of procedures involving separation and preconcentration for the determination of cadmium using spectrometric techniques

Spectrometric techniques for the analysis of trace cadmium have developed rapidly due to the increasing need for accurate measurements at extremely low levels of this element in diverse matrices. This review covers separation and preconcentration procedures, such as electrochemical deposition, precipitation, coprecipitation, solid phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and cloud point extraction (CPE), and consider the features of the their application with several spectrometric techniques.     

《波谱解析》在化工与制药专业中的教学改革探讨

波谱解析是制药类专业重要的专业基础课程之一,以基础性、实践性和应用性为特征。通过对波谱解析当前教学现状的分析,从教学内容、教学手段、教学方式等方面对波谱解析课程提出了具体的改革措施。实践教学证明,通过教学改革后,能有效地调动学生学习的主动性,提高了分析问题和解决问题的能力。     

Application of grey modeling method to fitting and forecasting wear trend of marine diesel engines

Oil monitoring is an important and useful method for predicting wear failure, and has been used in diesel engines successfully. The diesel engine is the key power equipment in ships and it is a complicated tribological system with uncertainty and indetermination. Grey system theory is suitable for systems in which some information is clear and some is not, so it is feasible to study the wear process of diesel engines with this theory. The unequal interval revised grey model (UIRGM) (1,1) is presented in this paper, which is applicable to original series with unequal intervals and sharp variation. The model that is built is applied to fit and predict element concentration as determined by oil spectrometric analysis. It is proved that UIRGM (1,1) determines the exact turning point, and the fitting and prediction results are acceptable.