Feasibility analysis of membrane reactors – discovery of reactive arheotropes

A feasibility analysis methodology adopted from reactive distillation is applied to membrane reactors. A model is formulated to depict the reactive liquid phase composition on the retentate side of a continuous type membrane reactor. The effects of both the chemical reaction kinetics and the membrane mass transfer kinetics on the feasible products are elucidated by means of retentate phase diagrams and bifurcation analysis. The proposed method can be applied to various membrane processes, independent of the specific structure of the membrane. Two quaternary reaction systems are considered to illustrate the methodology. In the first hypothetical system, it is shown how selective membranes can influence the sequence of effective volatilities which in turn affects the feasible products of the system. In the second example of practical importance, i.e. the heterogeneously catalysed synthesis of propyl acetate coupled with permeation through a porous polycarbonate membrane, the dusty gas model is applied to describe the component fluxes through the membrane. For the latter reaction system, the existence of reactive arheotrope is demonstrated. Arheotropes represent mass transfer controlled feasible products of membrane separation process.     

STUDY ON RESIDUES OF ~（14）C－FENITROTHION IN MODEL RICE－FISH ECOSYSTEM AND FIELD RICE－FISH ECOSYSTEM

ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＲＥＳＩＤＵＥＳＯＦ~（１４）Ｃ－ＦＥＮＩＴＲＯＴＨＩＯＮＩＮＭＯＤＥＬＲＩＣＥ－ＦＩＳＨＥＣＯＳＹＳＴＥＭＡＮＤＦＩＥＬＤＲＩＣＥ－ＦＩＳＨＥＣＯＳＹＳＴＥＭＺｈａｎｇＺｈｏｎｇｌｉａｎｇ（张仲良）；ＷａｎｇＨｕａｘｉｎ（王化新）；Ｇ?..     

聚氧乙烯化大豆油脚硫酸钠的合成

以大豆油脚为原料,经聚氧乙烯化、硫酸化合成出一种新型的表面活性剂。     

Spray Drying Performance of a Laboratory Spray Dryer for Tomato Powder Preparation

This work investigates the performance of a spray dryer for tomato powder preparation by spray drying of tomato pulp. Samples of tomato pulp with a 14% constant total solids concentration were used, and a pilot scale spray dryer (Buchi, B-191) with cocurrent operation and a two-fluid nozzle atomizer was employed for the spray drying process. Twenty-four different experiments were conducted keeping constant the feed rate, the feed temperature, and the atomizer pressure, and varying the compressed air flow rate, the flow rate of drying rate, and the air inlet temperature. In each experiment the air outlet temperature was recorded. Data for the residue remaining in the chamber and cyclone walls was gathered and two types of efficiencies were calculated as an indication of the spray dryer performance. Analysis of experimental data yielded correlations between residue accumulation and the variable operating conditions. The same operating parameters had a great influence on the air outlet temperature whereas temperature deviations were observed comparing measured air outlet temperatures with corresponding outlet adiabatic saturation temperatures.     

剩余电流保护器在智能建筑中的应用

分析了智能建筑应用剩余电流保护器的必要性,介绍了剩余电流保护器的主要功能、工作原理、分类情况和提出了在选择剩余电流保护断路器时的原则和注意事项.     

有机物料及其配施在潮土中的残留特点

试验采用尼龙布袋埋袋法研究了5种单一物料(玉米秸、稻秸、苜蓿、鸡粪、猪粪)和2种混合物料(玉米秸-猪粪-鸡粪、苜蓿-猪粪-鸡粪)在潮土中的腐解状况,以了解土壤中有机质的积累规律,探讨有机肥料对土壤的培肥效果。研究结果表明,玉米秸、稻秸、苜蓿、鸡粪、猪粪等是增加土壤有机质的较好物料;对C/N比较高的物料,当增加N素(添加猪粪、鸡粪这些氮含量较高的物料)、调节C/N比值时,可以促进混合物料有机碳的分解和向腐殖质的转化。     

香料烟中“溴氰菊酯”的残留降解研究

为了评价“溴氰菊酯”在香料烟中的残留降解行为,进行了连续2年“溴氰菊酯”在香料烟中的残留田间试验.检测结果表明:①2.5％“溴氰菊酯”乳油在香料烟叶中的降解符合一级动力学降解模式,其半衰期为5.80 ～ 6.19 d;②施药后15 d残留量在0.0128 mg· kg-1以下,降解率达95％以上;③按600 mL· hm-2喷施2次和3次2.5％“溴氰菊酯”乳油,15 d后采收,香料烟鲜烟叶中的残留量为＜0.01～ 0.4703 mg· kg -1;④2年的气候条件虽然有差异,但“溴氰菊酯”在香料烟中的残留降解行为基本一致.在香料烟的生长过程中,按照推荐用量,在15 d安全间隔期以上,连续3次施用2.5％“溴氰菊酯”乳油,“溴氰菊酯”的残留量不超过0.05 mg· kg-1.     

有机磷农药残留检测技术的研究进展

有机磷农药作为一类高效、广谱的杀虫剂,正被广泛用于农作物病虫防治领域,但它对人、动物和环境产生的危害也不容忽视。建立有效、快速、灵敏的有机磷农药痕量残留检测技术,成为当前研究者关注的课题。本文综述了有机磷农药残留检测的研究进展,主要对色谱法和快速检测法两种检测技术进行介绍,并对今后农药残留的检测进行了展望。     

气相色谱——质谱法对土壤中多种农药残留的测定方法

用GC -MS法测定土壤中的农药残留物 ,快速准确 ,回收率 83 %～ 112 %,平均变异系数在 4.8%～ 15 .2 %之间。为科学监测、合理利用土壤资源提供了依据     

含铟矿渣显微岩相分析

经显微岩相分析 ,结合 ISP及原子发射光谱分析确定了四种含铟矿渣粉样中的铟含量及可能的赋存状态。结果表明 ,铟主要以类质同象形式存在于矿物的晶格中 ,在锌矿渣中铟含量高达 0 .55% ,有较高的综合利用价值