Development of a novel modified EGSB reactor for municipal sewage treatment at ambient temperatures

A novel modified expanded granular sludge bed(EGSBm) reactor was developed for anaerobic treatment of municipal sewage with mixed liquid recirculation instead of effluent recirculation commonly adopted by a conventional EGSB(EGSBc) reactor.Performances of these two reactors were compared in treating municipal sewage at ambient temperatures ranging from 8 to 26 ℃.At an upflow liquid velocity(Vup) of 10.3 m/h,the mean concentrations of filtrated COD(CODfilt) and COD of the EGSBm effluent were determined to be 59.4 and 95.9 mg/L,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the EGSBc effluent operated under identical experimental conditions.When the organic loading rate was suddenly increased from 1.2 to 7.2 kg COD/(m3·d),the EGSBm regained the removal efficiency of previous operation phase in 10 d.Hydrodynamic characteristics of the reactors were compared using the residence time distribution(RTD) model.It was found that the treatment efficiency of EGSBm kept increasing as the Vup increased.The polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis(PCR-DGGE) technique was used to analyze the microbial diversity in EGSBm.Fingerprinting pattern indicated that some species in the inoculating sludge were still reserved in the granular sludge of EGSBm,moreover,several new species occurred.     

水体微生物多样性PCR-DGGE分析方法的比较研究

PCR-DGGE法是一种分析微生物群落和微生物多样性的分子生物学技术.阐述了在应用PCR-DGGE分析水体微生物多样性研究当中进行优化菌体收集、DNA提取、凝胶染色的方法,结果表明:用过滤法收集菌体更具完整性,用CTAB法提取环境总DNA最佳,用16 h电泳更具可信度,银染法优于EB法.     

Effect of organic loading on a novel hydrogen bioreactor

This study investigated the impact of six organic loading rates (OLR) ranging from 6.5 gCOD/L-d to 206 gCOD/L-d on the performance of a novel integrated biohydrogen reactor clarifier systems (IBRCSs) comprised a continuously stirred reactor (CSTR) for biological hydrogen production, followed by an uncovered gravity settler for decoupling of solids retention time (SRT) from hydraulic retention time (HRT). The system was able to maintain a high molar hydrogen yield of 2.8 mol H₂/mol glucose at OLR ranging from 6.5 to 103 gCOD/L-d, but dropped precipitously to approximately 1.2 and 1.1 mol H₂/mol glucose for the OLRs of 154 and 206 gCOD/L-d, respectively. The optimum OLR at HRT of 8 h for maximizing both hydrogen molar yield and volumetric hydrogen production was 103 gCOD/L-d. A positive statistical correlation was observed between the molar hydrogen production and the molar acetate-to-butyrate ratio. Biomass yield correlated negatively with hydrogen yield, although not linearly. Analyzing the food-to-microorganisms (F/M) data in this study and others revealed that, both molar hydrogen yields and biomass specific hydrogen rates peaked at 2.8 mol H₂/mol glucose and 2.3 L/gVSS-d at F/M ratios ranging from 4.4 to 6.4 gCOD/gVSS-d. Microbial community analysis for OLRs of 6.5 and 25.7 gCOD/L-d showed the predominance of hydrogen producers such as Clostridium acetobutyricum, Klebsiella pneumonia, Clostridium butyricum, Clostridium pasteurianum. While at extremely high OLRs of 154 and 206 gCOD/L-d, a microbial shift was clearly evident due to the coexistence of the non-hydrogen producers such as Lactococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp.     

用DGGE技术分析植物乳杆菌对小鼠肠道菌群失调的影响

采用PCR-DGGE方法研究植物乳杆菌对小鼠肠道失调菌群微生态的影响。选用昆明雌性小鼠建立小鼠抗生素相关性菌群失调模型,灌服植物乳杆菌菌液（109CFU/mL）5d,分离提取小鼠粪便中微生物群落的DNA,通过PCR-DGGE技术分析植物乳杆菌调节过程微生物群落结构与多样性的影响。PCR-DGGE图谱显示,随着植物乳杆菌饲喂时间的延长,小鼠肠道菌群丰富度呈现逐渐增加的演替过程。植物乳杆菌灌胃第4d小鼠肠道菌群的丰富度指数（18）与多样性指数（2.75）与正常小鼠基本一致,DGGE图谱的测序结果表明,植物乳杆菌调节小鼠肠道菌群失调主要表现在两个方面:选择性地增加有益菌如Bacteroides stercoris、Bacteroides uniformis strain等的量;抑制致病菌如Clostridium clostridioforme、Pseudomonas stutzeri等的生长。说明植物乳杆菌对头孢地尼引起的肠道菌群失调具有调整作用;建立PCR-DGGE法监测肠道菌群动态变化的分析方法,为进一步研究益生菌对肠道菌群的作用机制奠定基础。      

孝感酒酿微生物多样性及优势菌特性研究

采用PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术法检测不同酒酿样品中微生物多样性,发现酒酿中包含酿酒酵母属(Saccha-romyces sp.)、毕赤酵母属(Pichia sp.)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus sp.)和葡萄糖杆菌属(Gluconobacter sp.)等。从3种酒酿中分离3株优势酵母菌、1株乳酸杆菌和1株球菌,经鉴定为2株酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、1株贝酵母(Saccharomyces bayanus)、坚韧肠球菌(Enterococcus durans)和植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。3株优势酵母菌MJN2、17JN2和MJN3表现了较强的产酒精能力,培养48h后,酒精产量分别达到1.4%vol、1.5%vol和2.2%vol,2株优势乳酸菌JN3和JN1表现出了较强的产酸能力,培养24h后,pH值分别达到5.13和3.69。     

浓香型白酒酒醅细菌群落结构及其变化规律

该试验利用PCR-DGGE技术研究了浓香型白酒酒醅细菌群落结构及其发酵过程中的变化规律,结果发现:所有酒醅样品均出现13~23条较清晰的条带,其中第1、2、3、5、6、12、13号条带在所有样品中均有检出,且优势度较高;所有样品生物多样性指数都在2.12~2.80之间,发酵前期,多样性指数总体呈先增加后降低的趋势,发酵第49d时到达最低值,之后多样性指数有所增加,后期保持平稳;相邻发酵时间酒醅细菌DGGE图谱相似性指数较高,为0.58~0.78。     

应用PCR-DGGE技术分析泡菜中乳酸菌的多样性

从泡菜液中抽提总DNA,扩增16S rDNA的V7-V8区,变性梯度凝胶电泳分离PCR片段,发现不同样品间的菌种差异显著。对片段直接测序和克隆测序,进行Blast分析,绘制进化树。结果表明,DGGE和克隆技术相结合是研究泡菜中乳酸菌多样性的可行方法。     

Yeast diversity in crop-growing environments in Cameroon

In the present study, we have investigated the occurrence of yeast flora on several agricultural products coming from crop-growing environments in Cameroon, to provide better knowledge of the biodiversity of yeast flora, and to thus define the impact of this biodiversity on food products. The yeast biodiversity was investigated using traditional culture-dependent methods, along with culture-independent methods. The culture-dependent approach was carried out using both direct and enrichment procedures, to detect the broadest possible presence of yeast species. A total of 151 strains belonging to 26 different yeast species were isolated and identified using restriction pattern analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region 5.8S-ITS and sequence analysis of D1/D2 domain of 26S rRNA gene. The enrichment isolation procedures carried out in high-sugar media allowed the recognition of fermentative species such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Torulaspora delbrueckii, which have previously not been detected using direct isolation methodology. The results of culture-independent method using DGGE patterns and sequencing of the DNA bands revealed a lower number of yeast species when compared with the culture-dependent methodology even if the identification of several yeast species not detected by traditional microbiological procedures such as Candida tropicalis and Hanseniaspora uvarum is allowed. Thus, these multiphasic approaches to study yeast biodiversity (culture-dependent and -independent methods) have allowed us to get a more complete picture of the microbial diversity in these natural environments.