离子注入中污染的产生及防护

本文概述了离子注入过程中污染产生的原因和防止污染的措施，特别强调了对微粒污染和金属污染的防护以满足ＵＬＳＩ加工对离子注入的要求。     

巴彦浩特探区钻井液技术初探

巴彦浩特探区钻井液工艺技术的重点是，解决疏松砂砾岩地层水涌漏同层、侏罗系地层水的HCO3^-污染及可能出现的火成岩地层井塌复杂。结合内蒙古巴彦浩特探区地层和井身结构特点，采用了两性聚合物／氯化钾钻井液和氯化钾／石膏-聚磺钻井液体系。该体系抑制能力强，性能稳定．容易实现低固相、低密度近平衡钻井，保护储层效果好。对复杂情况采取了有针对性的处理办法：平稳操作和合理的钻井工程措施是预防水层涌漏同层和火成岩井塌复杂的重要手段；用井场易得的固井水泥或石膏配合烧碱处理HCO3^-污染简便易行；处理火成岩井塌复杂，控制合适的钻井液性能是必要的。     

苯和甲苯差分吸收光谱方法的实验室测量研究

本文介绍了差分光学吸收光谱法(DOAS)测量大气污染气体浓度的基本原理。DOAS方法就是利用氙灯发出的紫外—可见光，经望远镜准直后再经过一段距离的传输，由望远镜来接收．在传输中，由于各种不同的分子在不同的波段对光有不同的吸收特征，使光谱具有了污染物的特征，再通过与光源发出的光进行比较，反演这些气体在大气中浓度．我们将DOAS方法应用在监测有机物上，在分析光谱的过程中，应用多项式拟合和最小二乘法，从而精确地从测量光谱中来反演出大气中污染气体的浓度．文中用DOAS方法测量了苯和甲苯的样品，并分析了结果，结果和理论吻合．可为环境中有机污染物监测提供可靠的方法。     

采煤机液压系统油液污染监测与控制方法研究

分析引起采煤机液压系统油液污染的主要根源，在油液污染动态平衡分析的基础上，提出了实现采煤机液压系统油液污染监测和污染控制基本方法。     

95W-Ni-Fe 合金工艺缺陷的 SAM 和 XPS 分析

藉助扫描俄歇探针、Ｘ射线光电子谱等分析了９５Ｗ－Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ合金碳污染和氧化的本质。发现，碳污染试样中碳的化学状态主要为石墨，少量为铁或镍的有机化合物，这些物质的界面富集使材料脆化。钨合金氧化后，氧大量富集于钨／粘结相界面，使沿着该界面的断裂更容易发生。     

The effects of water pollution on the immersion corrosion of mild and low alloy steels

The short-term immersion corrosion of mild and low alloy steels in seawaters is known to be proportional to the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the bulk water. Longer-term corrosion is a function of the activity of sulphate-reducing bacteria and is influenced by the concentration of nutrients in the bulk water. These influences are examined in more detail for the corrosion of steels in the brackish waters of the River Thames and for several immersion corrosion sites on the Eastern Australian seaboard and in the North Sea. The published data sources were supplemented with plausible assumptions about environmental conditions. New interpretations of the data are provided based on the previously published model for immersion corrosion. For waters with negligible salinity and sulphate levels early corrosion loss was shown to depend on the dissolved oxygen content of the waters, and later corrosion loss was a direct function of nitrogenous nutrient (pollution) levels. This also applies to longer-term corrosion.     

Determination of tetrachloroethylene—Results of a collaborative study and the standardized method

The development, by collaborative study, of a standardized method for the determination of tetrachloroethylene in olive oils is described. The results of the study, which was carried out in 1989 under the direction of the International Olive Oil Council (IOOC), are presented and show that tetrachloroethylene can be readily determined, to an acceptable degree of precision, by gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection. A limited number of results obtained for the determination of trichloroethylene and chloroform by the same method indicate that a similar precision could be obtained with the method when determining these solvents also.     

Adhesive Bonding of Oil-Contaminated Steel Substrates

Durability of adhesive bonds formed by curing epoxies against oil-contaminated steel substrates using amidoamine curing agents was determined during exposure to boiling water. The most durable bonds were obtained using amidoamine curing agents with relatively low amine numbers and by blending silane coupling agents such as γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-GPS) and N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane (AAMS) into the adhesives. When X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to characterize the failure surfaces of the adhesive joints after exposure to boiling water, it was determined that adhesives prepared using amidoamine curing agents with low amine numbers were able to displace the oil from the steel surface but adhesives prepared with amidoamine curing agents with high amine numbers were not. Results obtained from XPS also showed that the amino groups on the substrate fracture surfaces of joints prepared using curing agents with low amine numbers were protonated whereas the amino groups in the bulk adhesive were not, indicating that there was a chemical interaction between the curing agent and the hydrated surface of the substrate. It was also shown using infrared spectroscopy that the amidoamine curing agents formed salts with calcium compounds in the oil.     

Analysis of microbial adaptation at enzyme level for enhancing biodegradation rate of BTX

Catechol was found to be a common intermediate in the degradation of benzene and toluene byAlcaligenes xyhsoxidans Y234, and the ring cleavage of the catechol mediated by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase was a rate-determining step. Since benzene induced higher level of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase than toluene, the cells pre-adapted to benzene showed higher degradation rate of benzene and toluene. The degradation rate ofm-xylene was also increased significantly when benzene-adapted cells were inoculated.m-Xylene was metabolized via 3-methyl catechol which was effectively cleaved by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase.     

浅论食品化学污染及其防治策略

分析了食品化学污染的主要途径,以及这些污染物对人体健康的危害性,对食品化学污染的防治策略进行了探讨。