Influence ofAmaranthus hybridus L. allelochemics on oviposition behavior ofSpodoptera exigua andS. eridania (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Common pigweed,Amaranthus hybridus L., is a favorite host of the beet army worm (BAW),Spodoptera exigua L. Chemicals extracted from homogenized pigweed with distilled water, ethanol, or dichloromethane and sprayed back on pigweed deterred oviposition by the BAW. Similarly, water extracts of frass from conspecific larvae or southern armyworm (SAW) larvae,S. eridania (Cramer), fed pigweed leaves and sprayed back on pigweed plants also deterred BAW oviposition, thus confirming that deterrence was due to plant allelochemics rather than specific compounds associated with the metabolic or excretory products of the larvae. Confirmation of the presence of oviposition-deterring chemicals in pigweed was used to explain a previously observed seasonal displacement of BAW by SAW on pigweed in the field.Mention of a commercial or proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Volatile Emissions Triggered by Multiple Herbivore Damage: Beet Armyworm and Whitefly Feeding on Cotton Plants

Plants are commonly attacked by more than one species of herbivore, potentially causing the induction of multiple, and possibly competing, plant defense systems. In the present paper, we determined the interaction between feeding by the phloem feeder silverleaf whitefly (SWF), Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (B-biotype = B. argentifolii Bellows and Perring), and the leaf-chewing beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua Hübner, with regard to the induction of volatile compounds from cotton plants. Compared to undamaged control plants, infestation with SWF did not induce volatile emissions or affect the number and density of pigment glands that store volatile and nonvolatile terpenoid compounds, whereas infestation by BAW strongly induced plant volatile emission. When challenged by the two insect herbivores simultaneously, volatile emission was significantly less than for plants infested with only BAW. Our results suggest that tritrophic level interactions between cotton, BAW, and natural enemies of BAW, that are known to be mediated by plant volatile emissions, may be perturbed by simultaneous infestation by SWF. Possible mechanisms by which the presence of whiteflies may attenuate volatile emissions from caterpillar-damaged cotton plants are discussed.     

甜菜雄性不育系及保持系花期蛋白差异分析

为揭示甜菜雄性不育的原因,从蛋白质组学角度对甜菜细胞质雄性不育进行研究,利用双向电泳与MALDI-TOF-MS方法,对Owen型甜菜质核互作型雄性不育系DY5-CMS及同型保持系DY5-O花粉发育3个阶段(雄蕊原基分化期、四分体时期和单核时期)的花蕾蛋白差异表达进行研究．结果表明： 在雄蕊原基分化期花蕾中鉴定出6个差异蛋白,在四分体时期鉴定出4个差异蛋白,这些蛋白多数与呼吸和能量代谢有关,推测甜菜细胞质雄性不育可能是花粉发育早期(雄蕊原基分化期和四分体时期)与能量和呼吸代谢有关的蛋白表达上调导致呼吸和能量代谢紊乱造成的;在花粉发育的单核时期鉴定出6个差异蛋白,这些蛋白主要与植物的光合作用有关,推测到花粉发育后期雄性不育性状已形成,雄性不育导致植物光合机能下降．     

免疫比浊法定量检测葡聚糖的研究

葡聚糖影响甘蔗品质及制糖生产,主要表现在糖分损失、糖液粘度增加、过滤困难、结晶异常、糖产品适用性受限等,从而降低提糖率,增加制炼成本,影响糖产品质量。本文对单克隆抗体比浊法测定葡聚糖的方法学进行研究,结果表明,该方法能快速准确测定糖厂蔗汁等在制品及产品中葡聚糖含量,线性范围10～500 mg/L,检测限为10 mg/L,加标回收率98%～102%,RSD〈4%,灵敏度1.3 mg/L。     

新型制糖复配絮凝剂的优化研究

本研究以糖厂中和汁为原料,以絮凝沉降速度为评价指标,在单因素试验基础上,根据Box-Behnken的中心组合实验设计原理,采用对主要因素阴离子度、添加量、溶解转速的3因素3水平的响应面分析法,模拟得到二次多项式的预测模型。对复配絮凝沉降中和汁的条件进行优化,结果表明:复配絮凝沉降中和汁的最佳工艺条件为阴离子度33.68%、添加量2.75 ppm、溶解转速为549 r/min,此时絮凝沉降速度为15.7 cm/min。通过与常用絮凝剂的对比试验可知该复配絮凝剂更适用于我国制糖行业。     

甜菜与BNYVV互作过程中PR基因的诱导表达

以抗病性不同的4个甜菜品种为材料,分别接种BNYVV,研究甜菜与BNYVV互作过程中几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性和诱导几丁质酶、β—1,3-葡聚糖酶基因表达及其与抗丛根病的关系。结果表明：BNYVV不同程度地诱导了4个甜菜品种几丁质酶、β—1,3-葡聚糖酶活性的提高,抗病品种比感病品种具有较高的几丁质酶和β—1,3-葡聚糖酶活性,并且抗病品种的酶活性高峰出现的时间早于感病品种;抗病品种的几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因的表达均早于感病品种,表达量大于感病品种,且持续的时间较感病品种长。BNYVV不同程度地诱导甜菜病程相关蛋白基因的表达,从而有效激活了甜菜抗病防御反应系统,提高了甜菜抗病性。     

甜菜线粒体atp6基因RNA编辑位点研究

RNA编辑现象普遍存在于高等植物的线粒体中,是线粒体中产生功能蛋白所不可或缺的加工步骤。以甜菜细胞质雄性不育系DY5-CMS及其保持系DY5-O为材料,通过PCR、RT—PCR以及PCR产物直接测序等方法,对甜菜线粒体atp6基因转录本的RNA编辑位点进行了研究。结果表明,啤而基因转录本的保守区域共有8个编辑位点,均发生在密码子的第一、二位点上,这些位点的编辑将导致氨基酸种类的变化,如第二个编辑位点上发生的由丝氨酸（疏水参数0．8）到亮氨酸（疏水参数3．8）的转变。通过分析可看出atp6基因RNA编辑有着改变蛋白质疏水性的作用。     

甘蔗品种与原料蔗生产系统优化技术在云县糖厂的实践

云南省云县糖厂自实施甘蔗品种与原料蔗生产系统优化技术后,每年吨蔗产糖量增幅达8%～19%。3～4年后,产蔗量接近翻番,而蔗区甘蔗品种仍与实施前一样,以传统品种桂糖11号、川糖61-408、粤糖79-177等为主。该县品种改良方法与传统方法有本质上不同,形成了一种能最大限度消化利用现有甘蔗品种增糖增产潜力的品种改良运作机制,产糖率和产蔗量不断提高。这是通过原料蔗优化砍运和蔗区品种优化布局2条技术途径实现的。     

英《糖业文摘》主题词表、作者索引和引用中国期刊的研究

对英国出版的《糖业文摘》（ＳｕｇａｒＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｙＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔｓ）的主题词表、作者索引和引用中国期刊做了初步的研究,介绍了它们的编排特点,提出了我国科技期刊尤其是糖业期刊要创造条件争取进入该刊检索范围的建议     

Analysis of the changes in quality in mandarin fruit,produced by deficit irrigation treatments

‘Clemenules’ mandarin citrus trees, grafted on Cleopatra and Carrizo rootstocks, were subjected to three irrigation treatments: the control (100% ETc), and phases II and III treatments (non-irrigation during phases II and III, respectively). The two deficit irrigation (DI) treatments affected in different ways some fruit quality parameters and these effects were also dependent on the rootstock. Although phase II treatment increased total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA), it delayed the maturation process. Phase II-stressed fruits on Carrizo had more fructose and glucose but less sucrose in relation to control fruits, thus increasing the reducing sugars. Phase II-stressed fruits on Cleopatra had more glucose, fructose and sucrose, for osmotic adjustment, also increasing the reducing sugars in these fruits. Phase III-stressed fruits had greater acidity, TSS, total phenolics, lycopene, glucose and sucrose than control fruits, but the same maturation state. In conclusion, DI in phase III improved fruit quality, by increasing the values of important quality parameters related to taste, flavour and nutritional benefits, but DI in phase II produced a drastic delay in the maturation process that made fruits non-commercial.