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换热器小浮头螺栓断裂失效分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对换热器小浮头螺栓发生断裂的情况进行失效分析,找出原因,提出处理措施及材质选择时应注意的问题。 相似文献
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分离式热管换热器在脱硫装置的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了分离式热管换热器的工作原理及其在工业脱硫装置中的应用,并不其余热回收情况与传统的二次中热方法相比较,阐明了其节能及环保作用。 相似文献
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The objective of this paper is to prove that the Clausius inequality must be re-stated to have general applicability for heat transfer involving radiative fluxes. The integrand (đQ/T) of the Clausius expression applies to heat conduction and convection, but does not hold for most radiative transfer scenarios, with the exception of reversible infinitesimal net blackbody radiation transfer. In other cases involving radiative transfer, the equality holds for a cycle even though irreversible heat addition by radiative transfer occurs. This is without the erroneous presumption of entropy destruction anywhere in the cycle. Thus, the Clausius inequality indicates reversibility for a cycle that includes an irreversible process. Further, in some radiative cases the quantity đQ/T, where T is the boundary temperature, is not the entropy transfer at the system boundary, and in fact, primarily represents entropy production within the system. It is also clear that in another case considered, the quantity đQ/T had no physical meaning whatsoever. Consequently, the Clausius expression has been re-stated so that it is applicable to cycles with processes involving any form of heat transfer. A new integrand (đQcc/T + đSNet,Rad) is presented, allowing the Clausius inequality to generally apply to all heat transfer scenarios. The work in this paper emphasizes the need to re-state other fundamental equations allowing applicability to all heat transfer processes, and draws attention to the unique character of radiative entropy calculations. 相似文献
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The cooling and solidification of melted drops during their movement in an immiscible cooling medium is widely employed for granulation in the chemical industry, and a study of these processes to provides a basis for the design of the granulation tower height and the temperature of the cooling medium is reported. A physical model of the cooling and solidification of the drop is established and the numerical calculation is performed. The influences of the key factors in the solidification, i.e., Bi number, drop diameter, temperature of the cooling medium, etc. are presented. The cooling and solidification during wax granulation in a water‐cooling tower and during urea granulation in an air‐cooling tower (spraying tower) are described in detail. Characteristics of the solidification and temperature distribution within the particle at different times are shown. The model and calculations can be used for structure design of the granulation tower and optimization of the operation parameters. 相似文献
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This study develops a mathematical model for coupled heat and mass transfer in an unsaturated porous slab exposed to a flowing hot gas. Effects of the initial saturation conditions on associated variables, i.e., total pressure, temperature, moisture content, and multiphase flow, are studied. The Newton-Raphson method based on a finite volume technique is applied. This study emphasizes the influence of initial saturation level and gravitational effect in heat and multiphase flow phenomena associated with this system. Gravity enhances the downward flow of liquid within the porous slab. Pressure buildup occurs near the interface between the wet and the dry zone. However, it appears that the order of magnitude to the total pressure is small. This study explains the fundamental mechanism of multiphase flow that involves heat and mass transfer in a heated unsaturated porous slab. 相似文献
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London Resin (LR) White is a commonly used resin for embedding specimens to be used for immuno- and/or cytochemical studies. In some instances, due to either the properties of the specimen or the availability of various reagents and equipment, it becomes necessary and/or more convenient to polymerize LR White using heat rather than chemical accelerators or UV light. It is known, however, that heat can reduce or even eliminate the anti genicity of the tissue being embedded. It is therefore desirable to polymerize specimens at the lowest temperature possible and to remove the specimens from the oven as soon as polymerization is complete. We have developed a technique that provides a visual marker that allows the exothermic polymerization of LR White to be monitored, thus minimizing the amount of time a specimen must stay in the oven while excluding oxygen from capsules of polymerizing LR White. 相似文献
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裂齿矩形翅片板翅式换热器优化设计的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对裂齿矩形翅片板翅式换热器中的裂齿矩形翅片的传热效率作了分析,并以单位质量材耗的换热能力最大为目标函数,分析研究了在不同雷诺数(Re)的操作条件下裂齿矩形翅片间角度、翅片厚、长度、宽度及极厚之间的关系。结果表明:在气体换热的场合下,当Re在某一范围时翅片可有效地起到强化传热的作用。当板厚为5mm,翅片厚为3mm,翅片间夹角为45°~70°,Re为2×10~3~8×10~3,最佳翅片纵向间距与翅片长度和翅片厚度乘积的平方根的比为1.5~2.5,最佳翅片尺寸系数为3~5时,传热强化效果较好。 相似文献
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钢包钢水保温覆盖剂的开发 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研制了钢包钢水新型保温覆盖剂,主要成分为(%);15-25C,20-35SiO2,10-20Al2O3,2-5Fe2O3,15-25CaO,2-5MgO,新覆盖剂铺展性与保温性能良好。经转炉钢水160t钢包生产使用,统计数据表明,镇静15min后钢水降温速度由原碳化稻壳覆盖剂1.33℃/min降低到0.93℃/min。 相似文献