吉林西部查干湖湖泊沉积物中元素的空间变化及其环境意义

对吉林省西部查干湖湖泊沉积物中元素的空间分布特征及其潜在生态危害进行了研究。得出同吉林西部土壤中元素平均值相比,查干湖湖底表层底泥中明显富Ca、Cl、Mg、Hg、Cd,而贫K、U、Al、Co、Na、有机碳,其中Al2O3、MgO、Fe2O3、CaO、As、Hg、Cr、U、Cu、Zn、Cd、Se、Co、Ni、Th、Mn、N、P等主要来自岩石或土壤的风化作用,表层底泥中Hg、Cd、As、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb的潜在生态危害性均很小;在湖泊沉积柱剖面中,Fe2O3、Cu、Zn、Co、Ni、Cr、Cd具有相同的变化趋势,不同沉积柱中沉积物具有相似的来源,沉积柱中重金属的潜在生态危害程度也很小,预示着在垂直方向上进入查干湖水体的重金属污染物数量也很少;查干湖的水体环境质量较好。     

Soil risk maps – Interpreting soils data for policy makers,agencies and industry

Surface runoff, erosion, compaction and the leaching of potential pollutants from land can degrade the soil resource and damage the water environment, reducing crop yields, causing loss of valuable nutrients and organic matter, together with increasing flood risk. Increasingly, it is recognized that scientific information must be translated into practical tools to change practices and protect the soil and water resource. Working alongside agencies in Scotland, we applied a suite of simple, transparent, rule-based models to identify areas most at risk of exporting sediment and pollutants that may degrade water quality based on field-scale (1:25,000) soil maps. The maps have been used by Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Scottish Water and Scottish Government to assess soil risks to waters from field to regional scale. The work brought scientists together with policy makers, agencies and the water industry to pool their knowledge to apply these practical tools for decision-making. It highlights the need to apply existing knowledge to answer salient questions. All three examples described show that providing the right type of information, which is based on fundamental soils data, can directly influence the implementation of policies, investment and monitoring decisions and provide evidence in support of government. However, this requires both researchers and agency scientists to develop skills as knowledge brokers and to normalize the use of soil data in everyday agency settings.     

农村城镇化生态风险法律规制的规范分析

探讨如何在转型期的城镇化进程中,有效应对以生态风险为代表的各类风险,对当下的生态文明建设和绿色发展具有重要的现实意义。伴随着人口的聚集和工业的进驻,农村城镇化既会带来环境污染的不断累积,也会造成自然资源的大量耗费,同时也会占用大量的生态空间。基于对这些生态风险现状的分析,阐明我国在应对农村城镇化产生的污染累积性生态风险、资源耗竭性生态风险、生态空间占用性生态风险及复合型生态风险时,固然会受到经济社会等方面的影响,但更主要是因为出现了法律规制失灵的困境,存在着应对生态风险的法律法规体系不完善、司法救济效能有待提升、行政监管能力有待加强等滞碍因素。为有效规制城镇化生态风险,应以规范分析为进路,以法制生态化为方向,从完善生态立法,增强生态司法效能,提高生态执法能力等几个方面提出消解城镇化生态风险法律规制滞碍因素的具体对策。     

某锑矿区土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价（英文）

为研究某锑矿区土壤质量现状,对锑矿区土壤进行布点取样,分析了Sb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg、Ni、As 9种元素含量,并运用单因子污染指数、内梅罗指数及潜在生态风险指数对土壤重金属污染状况进行了评价。结果表明,采用内梅罗指数法对该锑矿区土壤重金属污染程度进行评价时,各采样点的内梅罗指数均小于0.7,属清洁状态;采用潜在生态风险指数法对该锑矿区土壤重金属污染情况进行潜在生态风险评估时,各采样点综合潜在生态风险指数均小于150,属轻度污染。     

Emerging Marine Biotoxins in European Waters: Potential Risks and Analytical Challenges

Harmful algal blooms pose a challenge regarding food safety due to their erratic nature and forming circumstances which are yet to be disclosed. The best strategy to protect human consumers is through legislation and monitoring strategies. Global warming and anthropological intervention aided the migration and establishment of emerging toxin producers into Europe’s temperate waters, creating a new threat to human public health. The lack of information, standards, and reference materials delay effective solutions, being a matter of urgent resolution. In this work, the recent findings of the presence of emerging azaspiracids, spirolildes, pinnatoxins, gymnodimines, palitoxins, ciguatoxins, brevetoxins, and tetrodotoxins on European Coasts are addressed. The information concerning emerging toxins such as new matrices, locations, and toxicity assays is paramount to set the risk assessment guidelines, regulatory levels, and analytical methodology that would protect the consumers.     

我国农村民间金融现状与对策研究

当前我国农村民间金融发展速度快、规模大,但在其发展过程中存在着利率失控、潜伏着金融风险、容易产生经济纠纷等问题。针对这些问题,提出要明确民间金融的地位、规范农村民间金融、将民间金融纳入金融监管范围等政策建议。     

我国农业巨灾风险现状及其保障体系的构建

阐述了我国农业巨灾风险巨灾风险的状况：一是灾害种类多,发生频率高;二是影响范围广,灾害损失大。介绍了农业巨灾风险的特点：一是农业巨灾风险的风险单位大;二是农业巨灾风险的区域性强;三是农业风险具有广泛的伴生性。剖析了我国农业巨灾风险的管理的局限,指出在我国现阶段农业巨灾风险管理体系中中,政府财政压力大,巨灾损失的补偿范围小、层次低。基于上述分析,构建了我国农业巨灾风险保障体系：一是建立农业巨灾风险再保险体系;二是建立单项农业巨灾风险基金;三是通过风险证券化转移农业巨灾风险;四是建立多层次农业巨灾风险应对机制。。     

农业保险保费补贴政策是否缓解了农产品市场风险

最近几年的中央一号文件均有涉及深化农业保险发展的内容,在进一步推进农业保险前,探究农业保险保费补贴政策是否有效降低农产品市场风险有显著的政策和现实意义。本文以首批中央财政农业保险保费补贴的农产品水稻、玉米、小麦、大豆和棉花为例,首先利用Chow检验判断中央财政出台农业保险保费补贴政策是否为大宗农产品价格变化的一个间断点,之后利用GARCH模型探究中央财政施行农业保险保费补贴后,农产品市场价格波动的风险是否发生显著变化。结果表明,农业保险保费补贴政策实施后,水稻、玉米、小麦、大豆和棉花价格的变异系数明显下降;中央财政对农业保险保费补贴是这5类农产品价格变动的一个间断点。GARCH模型证实了农业保险保费补贴政策降低了这5类农产品价格的波动程度,即农业保险保费补贴政策缓解了大宗粮棉油农产品市场风险。研究表明,中央财政补贴农业保险保费的政策,实际上是利用市场化手段间接管控农业风险,这种方式是有效的,夯实了农业保险扩面、增品、提标的必要性。     

基于层次分析法的碳汇林经营风险评价

为获得碳汇收益与达成应对气候变化的目标,对碳汇林经营进行风险识别与管理具有重要的实践价值。通过实地调研与文献分析,发现碳汇林在经营过程中面临着自然风险、人为风险、政策风险与市场风险四大类风险。利用专家评分与层次分析法进一步对碳汇林面临的风险进行识别与评估,通过构造判断矩阵并利用MATLAB R2013b 进行分析,结果表明碳汇林经营中最主要的风险来自于政策风险（0.51）和市场风险（0.31）。对18 种具体风险因素进行综合总权重评估计算的结果表明,碳排放权交易政策（0.245）、碳市场价格（0.202）与森林碳汇交易政策（0.133）是对碳汇林经营影响最大的3 种风险因素。