Patterns of silver eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) sex ratio in a catchment

Abstract –  Changes in the numbers and size-class structure of European silver eels, Anguilla anguilla , in the River Frémur (France) were examined over a 9-year period after installation of downstream eel passes. The number of silver eels migrating downstream peaked in 1999, then decreased strongly and steadily after 2000, reaching relatively low levels. At the same time, a gradual shift in the silver eel sex ratio from a dominance of males (size from 270 to 442 mm, age from 3 to 6 years) to females (size from 366 to 1112 mm, age from 4 to 9 years) was recorded. Possible explanations for the escapement patterns observed are environmental sex determination and the installation of eel passes on the main hydraulic engineering structures in 1992 and 1996.     

海南岛火山岩砖红壤铁质风化壳主量元素特征[1]

通过对海南岛西北部火山岩砖红壤铁质风化壳剖面样品进行X荧光光谱法检测、风化特征指数及质量迁移系数的计算,揭示海南岛新生代火山岩砖红壤铁质风化壳的主量元素分布、风化强度和迁移特征。风化壳主量元素以Fe2O3、Al2O3、SiO2为主,K、Na、Ca、Mg等易溶组分较低;Fe2O3、Al2O3富集、SiO2淋失的热带地区风化特征。风化层CIA指数高达95%以上、Fe2O3/Al2O3上升,BA值较低, SiO2/Al2O3、SiO2/R2O3、BA下降;以Zr为参比元素,铁、铝迁移系数大于1,最大可达4.029,钠、钾、钙、镁、硅、锰迁移系数小于1,可低至-0.996。研究认为海南岛西北部火山岩风化壳表现为典型的脱硅富铁,铁质元素强烈富集,其它元素淋失明显,且铁铝元素发生了的分异,是比较成熟的风化壳。     

草地螟迁飞活动的雷达观测

80年代初期,我国草地螟猖獗为害,其虫源和迁飞问题不清。1984年6月在山西省雁北地区应县应用雷达观测了草地螟蛾的迁飞活动,并辅以地面发生动态调查,查明当地越冬茧密度约达每平方公里2000万头,6月2日羽化率为2.7%,6月10日达66%。成虫在15℃以下不飞行,15—17℃受震动后,在近地面几十厘米高处做数米距离的飞行;18℃以上则能主动飞行;20℃以上大量主动飞行。迁飞的高度在400m 以下,多在80—240m之间。成虫一般白天不起飞,多数在日落前后起飞。飞行方向与气流方向一致,多数向东北方向迁飞。在当地羽化盛期,当出现西南气流、气温上升达20℃以上时成虫大量迁飞。     

洛伐他汀影响人高转移卵巢癌细胞系HO-8910PM转移相关能力的研究

目的研究洛伐他汀对人高转移卵巢癌细胞系HO-8910PM转移相关能力的影响。方法分别运用MTT法、Transwell小室法、细胞粘附人工重组基底膜实验检测洛伐他汀对HO-8910PM细胞的细胞毒作用,对细胞的侵袭能力和趋化运动及对细胞粘附能力的影响。结果洛伐他汀作用HO-8910PM细胞6h后能抑制其体外侵袭、趋化运动和粘附能力,其中8μmol/L抑制率分别为(79.18±0.21)%、(59.40±0.80)%和(14.08±1.28)%。结论洛伐他汀能有效地抑制人高转移卵巢癌细胞系HO-8910PM的侵袭、趋化运动和粘附能力,是潜在的抗肿瘤转移药物。     

基于LF-NMR及MRI 的2种速生材干燥过程中水分分布状态研究

为了解太阳能干燥过程中速生材内部水分状态及迁移规律,采用低场核磁共振及核磁共振成像检测桉、杨木干燥过程中水分分布、含量变化及迁移过程,借助扫描电镜在微观层面进行分析。结果表明：核磁共振信号强度与称重法所测含水率相关性系数高达0.99以上,因此低场核磁共振可准确测定木材中的水分含量;桉木和杨木饱水试样的核磁共振信号中均存在3种峰,桉木弛豫时间分别为1.32、32.75、403.70 ms,杨木为2.66、32.75、352.12 ms,对应着结合水及两种状态的自由水;随着干燥进行,不同状态水分的横向弛豫时间逐渐减小,木材对水分的束缚增加。当桉木含水率为27.28%,杨木含水率为35.71%左右时,水分散失转为以结合水为主。通过核磁共振成像中氢质子密度的不同可对水分含量进行区分,进而可观测干燥过程中木材内部水分移动状态。因此,通过低场核磁共振及核磁共振成像可研究速生材干燥过程中的内部水分状态及分布。     

秦岭南麓新分布小太平鸟迁徙期食性初步观察

2011-2013年冬季,作者采用分组全天跟踪的方法,调查小太平鸟迁徙期活动特征和食性。结果证明:小太平鸟冬季由北向南成群迁徙过程中,会在某个生境优良的区域停留取食9~15日、成群活动在树冠上部。小太平鸟在迁徙期停留区域取食植物果实种类有20种,有人工栽培树种果实,也有野生树种果实。今后应持续迁移路线、停歇地、种群动态监测。     

Setaria digitata was the main cause of equine neurological ataxia in Korea: 50 cases (2015–2016)

This study was performed to examine and clarify the cause of hindlimb ataxia and neuropathy seen in the South Korean horse population. Fifty horses diagnosed with hindlimb ataxia and neuropathy were referred for this study. Neurological examination was performed on 47 horses while necropsy was performed in all 50 animals. The occurrence of neurological diseases increased rapidly in the summer and 47 out of 50 horses were referred after the end of July. The incidence of neurological diseases started from the southern part of Korea in July and proceeded northward in August and September. Although there was no correlation with age, Thoroughbred and Warmblood horses showed a higher incidence rate than Halla and Jeju horses. The incidence rate was 5 times higher in geldings than in mares and stallions. Of the 20 cases, 16 were diagnosed with eosinophilic meningoencephalomyelitis in 2015. The most common lesions observed in 2016 were parasitic meningoencephalomyelitis (10 cases, 33%) and eosinophilic meningomyelitis (7 cases, 23%). Histopathological analysis of the brain and spinal cord revealed nematodes of approximately 100–200 µm in diameter, microcavitation and infiltrates of eosinophils, and brown pigmented macrophage infiltrates. The nematodes were identified as Setaria digitata via DNA sequencing, performed subsequent to polymerase chain reaction using DNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the spinal cord. These results show that aberrant migration of Setaria digitata larva in the brain and spinal cord was a major cause for neurological signs in horses.     

Plasma lipopolysaccharide elevations in cattle associated with early-stage infection by Fasciola hepatica

Fasciolosis is an endemic zoonotic parasitic disease with significant impacts on human health and both animal health and production. Early post-infection impacts on the host remain unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the changes, if any, to levels of endotoxin in cattle plasma in response to early-stage infection with Fasciola hepatica. Thirty-six (36) commercial bred cattle were experimentally infected with approximately 400 viable metacercariae. Plasma lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) levels were examined on 24 occasions from 0 h before infection to 336 h after infection using the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate chromogenic end point assay and compared with that of six (6) uninfected control animals. Peak lipopolysaccharide levels in infected animals were reached at 52 h after infection and returned to pre-infection levels at time 144 h after infection. Infected animals had significantly elevated lipopolysaccharide levels between 24 and 120 h after infection when compared to uninfected animals. The mean change in endotoxin units (EU)/mL over time after infection was statistically significant in infected animals. Elevations of lipopolysaccharide occurred in all infected animals suggesting a possible repeatable and titratable endotoxemia conducive to therapeutic agent model development.     

Impact of cash crop cultivation on household income and migration decisions: Evidence from low-income regions in China

This study examines the impact of cash crop cultivation on household income and migration decisions, using survey data collected from low-income regions in China. Given farmers decide themselves whether to cultivate cash crops, an endogenous treatment regression model that accounts for potential selection bias issue is used to analyze the data. The empirical results show that cash crop cultivation exerts a positive and statistically significant impact on household income, but it does not affect household migration decisions significantly. The disaggregated analyses reveal that cash crop cultivation significantly increases farm income but decreases off-farm income.     

草地贪夜蛾缅甸虫源迁入中国的路径分析

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith)对非洲和南亚国家的入侵已对全球粮食安全造成重大影响,该虫2018年年底已在缅甸形成虫源基地,并零星进入中国云南西南部地区。本文利用历史数据分析了缅甸和华南地区春、夏两季(3-8月)925 hPa夜间平均风温场,并模拟预测了缅甸地区草地贪夜蛾在此期间进入中国的迁飞轨迹以及主要降落和波及的地区。结果表明:3-4月盛行的微弱西风不利于远距离迁移,但成虫的自主飞行可形成对云南和广西局部地区的近距离入侵;进入5月份后,随着西南夏季风的加强,云南和广西全境成为缅甸虫源的主要迁入地,并可能波及贵州、广东、海南和湖南等省。因此,4月份之前要重点监控云南和广西地区草地贪夜蛾的发生与为害,此后,应将监控区域扩大至中国中南部地区的各个省份。