家蚕葡萄糖-甲醇-胆碱氧化还原酶家族基因BmGMCβ2的克隆及序列与表达分析

葡萄糖-甲醇-胆碱氧化还原酶(glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductases,GMC)家族是昆虫体内一大类以黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸(FAD)为辅酶的氧化还原酶类,家蚕基因组中含有43个GMC家族基因。以家蚕5龄幼虫cDNA为模板克隆到一个家蚕GMC家族基因,命名为BmGMCβ2(GenBank登录号:JQ965926)。该基因cDNA全长1 875 bp,编码624个氨基酸,预测蛋白质分子质量为69.3 kD,pI为6.21,定位于家蚕16号染色体的nscaf3058上,编码蛋白质含GMC家族共有的ADP-bindingβ-α-β折叠结构域。系统发育分析表明该基因是家蚕GMC家族β亚家族基因成员。RT-PCR检测家蚕不同发育时期和5龄第3天幼虫不同组织中BmGMCβ2基因mRNA转录水平,以5龄盛食期最高,并且主要在表皮、脂肪体和气管中转录表达;Westernblotting分析BmGMCβ2蛋白主要在5龄第3天幼虫的脂肪体中表达。将BmGMCβ2克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a(+)中,转化E.coli BL21表达菌株,IPTG诱导表达BmGMCβ2融合蛋白,通过His-亲和层析得到纯化的融合蛋白并制备多克隆抗体,为后续研究该蛋白在家蚕生长发育过程中的功能奠定了基础。     

不同盐碱胁迫对土壤细菌群落结构的影响

【目的】 研究盐碱胁迫对土壤细菌群落多样性及群落组成的影响。【方法】试验设置(NaCl、Na₂SO₄和Na₂CO₃+NaHCO₃)三种盐碱胁迫类型和盐(碱)度。【结果】不同盐碱胁迫对土壤细菌群落α-多样性Shannon和Simpson指数影响不大,Na₂SO₄和Na₂CO₃+NaHCO₃胁迫土壤Chao1和Ace丰富度指数显著降低。NaCl轻度盐化土壤细菌群落β-多样性与对照无明显差异,其它盐碱胁迫土壤细菌群落结构变化显著。各处理土壤细菌优势门类均为变形菌门、芽单胞菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门和拟杆菌门。盐碱胁迫土壤细菌的拟杆菌门、浮霉菌门增加;而放线菌门、硝化螺旋菌门减少。NaCl胁迫土壤绿弯菌门、厚壁菌门相对丰度增加,Na₂SO₄胁迫土壤芽单胞菌门、热微菌门增加,Na₂CO₃+NaHCO₃碱胁迫土壤酸杆菌门、疣微菌门增加。【结论】土壤细菌群落通过调节物种组成来适应盐碱胁迫,不同盐碱类型和盐碱度胁迫下,土壤细菌群落会形成显著差异的物种。     

Absence of three known benzimidazole resistance mutations in Trichostrongylus tenuis, a nematode parasite of avian hosts

Benzimidazole (BZ) resistance is widespread in nematode parasites of livestock, but very little is known about the levels of BZ resistance in parasites with avian hosts. We investigated BZ resistance in Trichostrongylus tenuis, a nematode parasite of red grouse, Lagopus lagopus scotica. BZ anthelmintics had been in use in this system for up to 15 years, yet existing phenotypic evidence for resistance was inconclusive. We screened 1530 individuals from 14 populations at the principal β-tubulin locus for BZ resistance (isotype 1, residue 200) and 940 of these at two further resistance sites (isotype 1, residue 167; isotype 2, residue 200). No BZ resistant genotypes were found. Alternative mechanisms may be responsible for BZ resistance in this system, or the method and timing of treatments may reduce selection pressure for BZ resistance by creating substantial refugia for susceptible genotypes.     

In utero exposure to the anti-androgen flutamide influences connexin 43 and β-catenin expression in porcine fetal gonads

Recent reports have indicated a role of cell-to-cell interactions during gonadal development and functions. Numerous reports indicate that fetal hormonal disruption induces abnormalities in the developing reproductive system and, therefore, may interfere with reproductive functions later in adult life. Hence, this study investigated the effect of androgen deficiency during late prenatal periods on the gap junction-associated connexin 43 (Cx43) and the adherens junction-associated β-catenin expression in the fetal porcine gonads. Thus, pregnant gilts were injected with anti-androgen flutamide (for 7 d, 50 mg/kg BW per day) or corn oil (control groups) starting at 83 (GD90) or 101 (GD108) gestational day. On GD90 and GD108 the fetuses were excised and fetal gonads were obtained. To assess Cx43 and β-catenin expression real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed. In fetal testes, Cx43 was localized between Leydig cells, whereas β-catenin was observed mainly within the seminiferous tubules. In fetal ovaries, Cx43 was detected between interstitial cells and between granulosa cells of forming follicles, whereas β-catenin was found within egg nests, in oocytes' membrane, and in granulosa cells of forming follicles. Immunohistochemistry showed decreased Cx43 and β-catenin expression in fetal gonads from flutamide-treated pigs compared with respective controls. However, the ovaries from animals treated with flutamide on GD108 showed increased Cx43 expression. The changes of Cx43 and β-catenin expression after prenatal flutamide treatment were confirmed at the mRNA level. These findings suggest that androgen deficiency during late gestation may lead to disturbed intercellular interactions in fetal porcine testes affecting testicular functions, as well as impaired follicular formation in fetal ovaries. Our results further signify the role of androgens in the regulation of cell-to-cell interactions within fetal porcine gonads.     

酵母β-葡聚糖对断奶仔猪肠道菌群的影响

随机选取28日龄体重为(7.51±0.72)kg三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪72头,按体重和性别随机分为4个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头仔猪,4个处理组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上,分别添加酵母β-葡聚糖0、0.025%、0.05%、0.1%。试验结果表明,28日龄断奶仔猪日粮中添加不同剂量的酵母β-葡聚糖均能不同程度地提高仔猪肠道中双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的数量,降低大肠杆菌的数量,改善了断奶仔猪肠道正常菌群结构。     

Induction of defense response of Oryza sativa L. against Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. by treating seeds with chitosan and hydrolyzed chitosan

Seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were treated with chitosan and hydrolyzed chitosan at 100, 500 and 1000 mg L⁻¹. After 18 days of germination, spore suspension of Pyricularia grisea was applied. The enzyme activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, β-1-3-glucanase, chitinase and chitosanase in leaves of rice seedlings was evaluated after 24, 72, 120 and 168 h of inoculation. Blast affected area (%) was evaluated 7 and 14 days after spraying spore suspension. Chitosan performance to elicit defense response induction was associated with the concentration and type of chitosan. The activity of most of the enzymes tested was induced in leaves of treated seeds with chitosan and hydrolyzed chitosan at 1000 and 500 mg L⁻¹, respectively. The highest enzyme activities were observed with hydrolyzed chitosan after 72 h however, compared to chitosan, the activity was not maintained during the entire post-inoculation period. The highest control (0 = no lesions) of P. grisea in rice seedlings was observed at 1000 mg L⁻¹ in both chitosan and hydrolyzed chitosan treated leaves. Symptoms of infection by P. grisea were evident after 14 days evaluation date, but according to the standard scale proposed by the International Rice Research Institute, these symptoms fell into the resistance category of blast diseases.     

Oral Recombinant Feline Interferon-Omega as an alternative immune modulation therapy in FIV positive cats: Clinical and laboratory evaluation

Recombinant-Feline Interferon-Omega (rFeIFN-ω) is an immune-modulator licensed for use subcutaneously in Feline Immunodeficiency virus (FIV) therapy. Despite oral protocols have been suggested, little is known about such use in FIV-infected cats. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical improvement, laboratory findings, concurrent viral excretion and acute phase proteins (APPs) in naturally FIV-infected cats under oral rFeIFN-ω therapy (0.1 MU/cat rFeIFN-ω PO, SID, 90 days). 11 FIV-positive cats were treated with oral rFeIFN-ω (PO Group). Results were compared to previous data from 7 FIV-positive cats treated with the subcutaneous licensed protocol (SC Group). Initial clinical scores were similar in both groups. Independently of the protocol, rFeIFN-ω induced a significant clinical improvement of treated cats. Concurrent viral excretion and APP’s variation were not significant in the PO Group. Oral rFeIFN-ω can be an effective alternative therapy for FIV-infected cats, being also an option for treatment follow-up in cats submitted to the licensed protocol.     

黑曲霉酸性β-甘露聚糖酶的纯化及部分性质研究

黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)WM20-11固态发酵成熟曲,经磷酸缓冲液浸提、硫酸铵分步盐析、DEAE-Sepharose fast flow阴离子交换层析、Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤层析等分离纯化手段,最终获得了Native-PAGE、SDS-PAGE纯的酸性β-甘露聚糖酶组分,其纯化倍数为25.08,收率为5.1%。Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤层析和SDS-PAGE测得纯酶的相对分子质量分别为39 kD和40 kD,表明该酶以单体形式存在;IEF-PAGE测得该酶的等电点为4.0;含糖量测定为19.6%;酶蛋白氨基酸组成中(Asp+Glu)/(Lys+Arg)为3.74。     

猪前脂肪细胞诱导分化过程中PPARγ、DECR1和ECHS1基因表达模式

采用胶原酶消化法分离猪皮下前脂肪细胞,以含50 nmol/L胰岛素、100 nmol/L地塞米松、0.25 mmol/L 3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤、100 nmol/L罗格列酮的分化培养液对前脂肪细胞进行诱导分化,借助实时定量RT-PCR方法检测了PPARγ、DECR1和ECHS1 3基因的表达模式,结果发现:PPARγ、DECR1和ECHS1 3基因均于诱导分化后48 h达到表达高峰,此时的表达量分别是诱导前的93.0,5.4和7.8倍;PPARγ同DECR1和ECHS1两基因表达量变化趋势间的相关系数分别为0.92和0.97,DECR1同ECHS1的相关系数为0.94,均达到极显著相关(P<0.01)。实验结果表明:前脂肪细胞在分化过程中细胞内脂肪酸生物合成和脂肪酸β-氧化同时发生,以维持细胞的稳态。     

Prevention of progeny formation in Drosophila melanogaster by 1-arylimidazole-2(3H)-thiones

Effects of 1-arylimidazole-2(3H)-thiones (AITs) and 1-(substituted benzyl)imidazole-2(3H)-thiones (BITs) were tested on progeny formation in Drosophila melanogaster. Some AITs showed inhibitory activities at laying eggs and delayed eclosion by 1 day. The inhibitory activity was nullified by adding octopamine (OA) or noradrenaline (NA) to the medium for progeny formation in D. melanogaster. The effect of AIT on the contents of OA and NA was analyzed in adults of D. melanogaster by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Flies fed with AIT decreased OA and NA levels and increased TA content. Taken together, the inhibitory activity of AIT could be due to inhibition of tyramine β-hydroxylase and dopamine β-hydroxylase.