提高中锰白口铸铁韧性的研究

为改善中锰白口铸铁的韧性以扩大其应用范围,本文探讨了C, Si, Mn等合金元素、变质处理和热处理工艺对中Mn白口铸铁组织和性能的影响.     

Response of black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean to linuron

Dry bean producers in Ontario, Canada, have few herbicide options available for annual broad-leaved weed management and there is little information on the tolerance of dry bean to linuron. The tolerance of black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean to the pre-emergence (PRE) application of linuron at the rates of 0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 g ai ha⁻¹ was evaluated in field studies conducted in 2005 and 2006 at Exeter and in 2006 at Ridgetown, Ontario. The four market classes differed in their response to linuron. Cranberry and kidney bean were more tolerant to the PRE application of linuron than black and white bean. Linuron applied PRE caused as much as 12% injury in cranberry and kidney bean, 47% injury in black bean, and 56% injury in white bean. Linuron applied PRE at 500–2500 g ai ha⁻¹ had no effect on the height of cranberry and kidney bean but decreased the height by 7, 8, and 15% in black bean and by 10, 13, and 23% in white bean at 1500, 2000, and 2500 g ai ha⁻¹, respectively. Linuron applied PRE at the rates evaluated did not cause any adverse affect on the yield of cranberry, kidney, and white bean but black bean yield was reduced by 16% at 2500 g ai ha⁻¹. Based on these results, there is not an adequate margin of crop safety for the PRE application of linuron in black and white bean at rates >1000 g ai ha⁻¹. However, there is a potential for the use of linuron PRE for weed management in cranberry and kidney bean at the rates evaluated.     

福鼎白茶与景谷白茶内含成分与感官品质研究

为了探明福鼎白茶与景谷白茶的品质差异,本研究选取了福建省福鼎市和云南省景谷县共12个白茶样品,分别进行了感官审评和主要理化分析。感官审评结果显示：两地白茶感官品质有共性,但也存在一定差异。以单芽制成的福鼎白毫银针和景谷大白茶外形特征为例,虽都表现为单芽针状、色泽银白、满披白毫,但由于品种的差异,景谷大白茶芽头较白毫银针肥硕,显毫的特点也不相同。内质汤色由于各成品白茶鲜叶嫩度不一,总体表现出浅黄、杏黄、深黄,滋味特点为鲜醇或浓醇,香气以清香或嫩香为主。理化分析结果显示：样品白茶中,景谷白茶水浸出物含量为40.74%~46.72%,福鼎白茶为33.28%~40.39%,平均含量景谷白茶高出约6.00%,说明景谷白茶水浸出物较福鼎白茶丰富;其他呈味物质如：茶多酚、咖啡因含量也高于福鼎白茶。游离氨基酸总量以福鼎白茶较高,福鼎白茶游离氨基酸总量为2.18%~4.17%;景谷白茶氨基酸含量为1.13%~3.12%,平均含量相差约1.5倍。两地同一嫩度鲜叶制成的白茶内含成分差异显著（P0.05）。     

浙东白鹅GAPDH基因的扩增及其在荧光定量PCR中的应用

三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GAPDH)是一种糖酵解酶,在脊椎动物的所有组织均有稳定的表达,经常作为看家基因来研究基因的表达,本研究分析了鸭GAPDH基因序列,设计了一对引物,利用PCR,RT-PCR技术扩增得到了浙东白鹅的GAPDH基因的DNA序列为235 bp,mRNA序列为209 bp,作为参比基因应用于荧光定量PCR来研究目标基因的表达,目标基因在mRNA水平上的表达量可通过参比基因校正cDNA加入量的不同来研究,荧光定量PCR显示了以cDNA为模板,此引物扩增时Ct具有单一的溶解曲线,说明其表达稳定,可以作为参比基因用于浙东白鹅基因的定量表达研究。     

湖北白猪及其杂交后代H-FABP基因型与相关性状关系研究

 【目的】对湖北白猪及其杂交后代H-FABP基因多态性以及与生产性状的相关进行分析,为在湖北白猪优质系培育过程中进行分子标记辅助育种提供理论基础。【方法】采用PCR-RFLP（HinfⅠ、HaeⅢ、MspⅠ）方法分析湖北白猪及其杂交后代共计282头猪的H-FABP基因5′-上游区域和第二内含子遗传多态性,利用最小二乘模型分析杂交后代H-FABP基因型对相关生产性能的影响。【结果】湖北白猪在HinfⅠ-RFLP位点表现为单态,在HaeⅢ- RFLP和MspⅠ-RFLP位点上呈现多态,杂交一代、杂交二代在三个酶切位点均呈现出多态;湖北白猪在HinfⅠ-RFLP、HaeⅢ-RFLP位点均表现为低度多态,在MspⅠ-RFLP位点表现为中度多态,其杂交一代、杂交二代均表现为中度多态;不同基因型对IMF（Intramuscular fat,肌内脂肪）含量的影响,HH＞Hh＞hh,dd＞Dd＞DD,aa＞Aa＞AA,dd 基因型IMF含量显著高于DD、Dd基因型（P＜0.05）,aa、Aa基因型IMF含量极显著高于AA型（P＜0.01）。HH基因型20日龄重显著高于hh基因型（P＜0.05）。其它生产性能在不同基因型间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。【结论】在选育群体中可以通过选择H-FABP的优势基因型（aa- dd- HH）提高IMF含量而不影响其它生产性状。     

酵母SOD1基因缺失突变体应答真菌细胞壁抑制剂CFW的转录组学分析

以酿酒酵母为研究材料,采用酵母全基因组表达谱芯片,分析超氧化物歧化酶SOD1基因缺失(sod1Δ)对酵母细胞应答真菌细胞壁抑制剂钙荧光白(CFW)全基因组转录表达谱的影响,为揭示植物病原真菌细胞壁调控机制以及植物抗真菌基因工程改造提供新的理论基础。结果表明:CFW(10μg/m L)处理1 h后,与野生型酵母细胞相比,sod1Δ酵母细胞中211个基因发生了显著差异表达(97个基因表达上调、114个基因表达下调)。随机选取5个差异表达基因采用定量PCR验证,结果与芯片分析结果一致。差异表达基因功能主要涉及细胞壁、细胞代谢、蛋白质合成、细胞防御以及大量功能未知蛋白。以上结果表明,SOD1基因缺失可显著改变酵母细胞应答真菌细胞壁抑制剂CFW胁迫的全基因组转录表达谱。     

纳他霉素处理对火龙果贮藏品质的影响

研究不同浓度的纳他霉素对火龙果采后贮藏保鲜效果的影响。以火龙果为试验材料,研究不同浓度(0、400、800、1200 mg/L)纳他霉素对火龙果贮藏期生理、营养指标及果实表面微生物菌落情况的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,不同浓度的纳他霉素处理均可显著降低火龙果呼吸强度,抑制腐烂指数、鳞片黄化率、质量损失率、丙二醛含量的增加,延缓鳞片叶绿素、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C含量的降低,提高果实SOD、POD、CAT等抗氧化相关酶活性,在贮藏末期时仍能保持较低的细菌菌落总数、酵母菌和霉菌总数。综合认为,纳他霉素处理可以明显延缓火龙果果实衰老,有效保持果实的贮藏品质,其中以800 mg/L纳他霉素处理效果最佳。     

白斑综合征病毒与凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群区系之间关系的初步研究

比较了同一养殖池中的感染白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)和未感染WSSV的凡纳滨对虾的肠道菌群,旨在探讨对虾肠道菌群与机体健康状态之间的关系。感染WSSV对虾肠道的细菌总数为1.06×106CFU/尾,显著高于未感染WSSV的对虾(1.78×105CFU/尾;P<0.05),且其肠道中的细菌分别属于弧菌属、气单胞菌属、海水球菌属、盐水球菌属和乳酸杆菌属;染WSSV的对虾(P<0.05),气单胞菌的比例显著的低于感染WSSV的对虾(P<0.05);盐球菌所占的比例两者之间差异不显著。结果显示,两种对虾在肠道菌群组成和细菌组成和细菌数量上存在显著的差异,初步表明对虾肠道菌群区系和机体的健康状态密切相关。     

基于改进的粒子群多阈值算法的白色异性纤维检测

为了提高皮棉中白色异性纤维的识别精度,该文提出了一种基于改进混沌粒子群的白色异性纤维检测算法,该算法将图像的像素点按灰度值分为多类,把所有相邻类间方差看做一个粒子种群,以最大类间方差组作为种群适应度评价函数。通过滑动窗口技术判断算法是否陷入局部最优。有效克服了标准粒子群算法容易陷入局部最优的缺陷。通过试验验证,该文提出的算法对白色异性纤维的识别准确率达到98.6%。通过与标准二维Otsu算法的对比分割试验发现在分割较细小的白色异性纤维以及白色纤维与皮棉发生重叠的情况时,该算法的分割结果比标准二维Otsu算法更准确,噪声点更少。为皮棉异性纤维检测与剔除工艺的改善提供了技术依据。     

Laboratory and on‐farm evaluation of low‐cost salt mixtures for use during salinity acclimation and the nursery phase of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The current study evaluates the efficacy of a low‐cost salt mixture (LCSM) to replace expensive reconstituted sea salt (RSS) in the salinity acclimation and nursery phase of Pacific white shrimp under laboratory and farm conditions. LCSM was formulated to yield sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations closely comparable to that of diluted seawater. Laboratory‐based nursery trials were conducted at 2, 6 and 15 g/L salinities, incrementally replacing RSS with LCSM (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) at four replicates per treatment. Thirty postlarvae were reared for 7 days in 24‐L aquaria during the 2 and 6 g/L trials, while the nursery trial for 15 g/L salinity was conducted for 21 days with 400 postlarvae stocked in 150‐L tanks. On‐farm evaluation of LCSM was carried out in two tank‐based systems installed on levees adjacent to shrimp production ponds. RSS was incrementally replaced with LCSM (0%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and 100 postlarvae stocked into each 800‐L tank. Salinity acclimation was done from 30 g/L to 6 or 1.5 g/L within 2–3 days by pumping water from adjacent shrimp production ponds. Following salinity acclimation, the S4 system maintained flow‐through at 1.5 g/L, while N10 system was maintained static at 6 g/L salinity. At the conclusion, no significant differences were observed for either survival or growth of shrimp postlarvae between RSS and LCSM treatments at all salinities examined. Results reflect the potential use of LCSM to replace RSS, which could be an excellent solution to bring down the cost of production in inland shrimp aquaculture.