挤压蒸煮大麦作啤酒辅料的糖化试验研究

采用二次正交旋转组合试验方法,研究了作啤酒辅料的大麦挤压蒸煮系统的模孔孔径、套筒温度、大麦含水率、螺杆转速和模板内表面至螺杆末端端面的距离,对醪液的主要考察指标——麦汁的过滤速度、碘值、浸出物收得率的影响规律。研究表明,挤压蒸煮大麦可以作啤酒辅料,且麦汁浸出物收得率为72．04％,高于传统不挤压大麦辅料的麦汁浸出物收得率。     

Effects of Zeolite on Soil Nutrients and Growth of Barley Following Irrigation with Saline Water

ABSTRACT

Soil salinity is a major abiotic factor limiting crop production but an amendment with synthetic zeolite may mitigate effects of salinity stress on plants. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of zeolite on soil properties and growth of barley irrigated with diluted seawater. Barley was raised on a sand dune soil treated with calcium type zeolite at the rate of 1 and 5% and irrigated every alternate day with seawater diluted to electrical conductivity (EC) levels of 3 and 16 dS m^?1. Irrigation with 16 dS m^?1 saline water significantly suppressed plant height by 25%, leaf area by 44% and dry weight by 60%. However, a substantial increase in plant biomass of salt stressed barley was observed in zeolite-amended treatments. The application of zeolite also enhanced water and salt holding capacity of soil. Post-harvest soil analysis showed high concentrations of calcium (Ca^{2 +}), magnesium (Mg^{2 +}), sodium (Na⁺), and potassium (K⁺) due to saline water especially in the upper soil layer but concentrations were lower in soils treated with zeolite. Zeolite application at 5% increased Ca^{2 +} concentration in salt stressed plants; concentrations of trace elements were also increased by 19% for iron (Fe^{2 +}) and 10% for manganese (Mn^{2 +}). The overall results indicated that soil amendment with zeolite could effectively ameliorate salinity stress and improve nutrient balance in a sandy soil.     

大麦野生种质资源现状及保护

通过对大麦野生种质资源分布、特征特性、影响其野外生存因素以及保护现状的阐述,认为对野生大麦资源进行保护显得十分迫切和必要。要做好大麦野生种质资源的保护工作没有现成的方法可以采用,因而显得比较困难。为此,提出了一些保护措施,即:远离现代文明的保护;建原生态环境保护点;人工种植保护。     

外源ABA处理大麦胚的均一化cDNA文库的构建

构建外源ABA处理大麦胚的均一化cDNA文库是利用酵母双杂交方法筛选与靶蛋白相互作用蛋白的前提条件。为给大麦抗逆基因的研究及抗逆转基因大麦材料的创制奠定基础,利用5μmol·L-1ABA和蒸馏水分别处理大麦种子0h、6h、12h、24h,剥取大麦的胚,用热酚法提取总RNA,利用SMART原理进行反转录PCR并进行均一化处理获得ds-cDNA。经SfiⅠ酶切的ds-cDNA与pGADT7-Rec载体连接后,转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞DH10B构建文库。结果表明,文库的容量为1.1×106,插入片段大于1 000bp,集中在1 000~3 000bp之间,符合酵母双杂交文库的要求。     

大麦DH群体在耐低氮相关遗传连锁图谱初步构建中的运用

为给大麦耐低氮基因的发掘提供参考,以耐低氮品种BI-04和氮敏感品种BI-45为亲本,用通过花药离体培养方法得到的84个单倍加倍体(DH)后代作为作图群体进行耐低氮性遗传图谱的构建。利用376对SSR引物对亲本BI-04和BI-45进行多态性检测,共筛选出76对多态性引物,多态性频率为20.2%。利用Joinmap 4.0作图软件构建BI-04×BI-45 DH群体分子标记连锁图谱,取LOD>3.0进行分子标记连锁分析,构建了含有7个连锁群、27对标记的分子标记连锁图谱,连锁群总长度为303.6 cM,标记之间的平均遗传距离为11.24 cM。这7个连锁群包含了大麦的7条染色体,为大麦耐低氮的QTL分析奠定了一定的基础。     

MS based proteomic approaches for analysis of barley malt

In this review, we summarize advances in the proteomic analysis of barley, especially those involving mass spectrometric detection. We focus particularly on monitoring of global protein expression in barley malt and changes in proteins during the technological processing of barley grains.     

Long-term continuous cropping in the Pacific Northwest: Tillage and fertilizer effects on winter wheat, spring wheat, and spring barley production

Conventional tillage winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) (WW)–summer fallow reduces soil productivity and increases soil erosion. Conservation tillage management, together with intensive cropping may have the potential to reverse these sustainability concerns. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems on grain yield of long-term annual cropping of monoculture WW, spring wheat (SW), and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) (SB) grown with or without fertilizer, in the Pacific Northwest region of the USA. In unfertilized crops, grain yield of WW, SW, and SB was 15%, 25%, and 50% higher, respectively, in CT than in NT plots, an indication of the involvement of yield limiting factors under the NT cropping system. When fertilized, there were no significant differences in grain yield of WW. Yields of SW and SB, however, remained 21% and 15% higher, respectively, in CT than in NT, an indication that factors other than fertility were involved. These results suggest that in order for NT management to be widely adopted by area growers, the yield-limiting factors need to be addressed.     

Localization of alkylresorcinols in wheat,rye and barley kernels

Cereal alkylresorcinols (AR), a group of phenolic lipids mainly found in the outer parts of wheat and rye kernels, are currently being studied for the possibility to use them as biomarkers for the intake of whole grain wheat and rye foods. In this work, AR were localised in grains by using light microscopy and gas chromatographic analysis of hand-dissected botanical and pearling fractions. GC-analysis of hand-dissected fractions showed that more than 99% of the total AR content was located in an intermediate layer of the caryopsis, including the hyaline layer, testa and inner pericarp. Microscopic examination showed that the outer cuticle of testa/inner cuticle of pericarp was the exact location, and that no AR were found in the endosperm or in the germ, suggesting that AR could be used as a selective marker of testa.     

大麦高蛋白种质遗传稳定性分析

鉴定和筛选高蛋白大麦种质资源为育种者利用 ,提高饲用和食用大麦的营养品质是国内外大麦育种关注的热点。作者对“八五”、“九五”期间初鉴的 170余份蛋白质含量高的品种进行多点种植鉴定 ,从中选出 4 0份进行 2年多点重复鉴定和遗传稳定性分析 ,选出一批比Hiproly遗传稳定、性状比较优异的高蛋白种质。     

Phenological development in spring cereals: response to temperature and photoperiod under northern conditions

Phenological development of spring cereals was investigated using observations from several sites in Finland during the period 1970–1990. Different mathematical models which relate temperature to development rate were examined to predict the duration of phenological phases. A photoperiodic response of plant development before heading was also tested. For all phases the relationship between temperature and development was approximately linear. There was no significant response of plant development to photoperiod. This was explained by consistently long photoperiods in the observational material. Parameters for a linear model were derived from a regression analysis of mean development rate of each phase against mean temperature. However, a different response may occur under higher or lower temperatures or under shorter photoperiods than those experienced here.