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1.
Mitch Ricketts James Shanteau Breeanna McSpadden Kristen M. Fernandez-Medina 《Social science & medicine (1982)》2010
After 14 years of rising death rates due to unintentional injuries in the U.S., it is time to ask how safety messages can be redesigned to have a greater impact on risky behavior. To this end, many researchers have called for a new, narrative approach to prevention messages—based on persuasive stories about people who have suffered injuries and illnesses in the past. Still, there is scant evidence that story-based communications are more effective than equivalent non-narrative messages at changing actual (rather than self-reported) safety and health behavior. Our research examined the impact of injury stories on actual safety behavior in a controlled experimental setting at a US university. Teams of participants assembled a product (a child's swing) using written instructions. The instructions contained safety messages targeting assembly mistakes that have been linked to serious injuries in children who play on swings. Participant teams were randomly assigned to three conditions: assembly instructions containing story-based safety messages, instructions with concrete (but non-anecdotal) safety messages, and instructions with traditional abstract safety messages. After adjustment for covariates, story-based messages resulted in a 19 percent improvement in safety behavior, compared with non-narrative communications. Importantly, injury stories did not create undue fear of the message object, demonstrating that brief anecdotes about accident victims can convince people to take reasonable precautions without creating unwarranted alarm about risks. 相似文献
2.
The authors present the third installment of the guidelines and recommendations from the Safety Committee of the Society for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (now the Society of Magnetic Resonance) concerning various issues related to the safety and management of patients undergoing magnetic resonance (MR) procedures. This document was developed to provide standardized and consistent information for use by health practitioners involved in screening patients or other individuals for MR procedures. 相似文献
3.
Ex vivo testing techniques were used to determine the ferromagnetic qualities of, presence of heating in, and artifacts produced by 13 different heart valve prostheses exposed to a 1.5-T (64-MHz) magnetic resonance (MR) system. None of the heart valve prostheses showed a measurable deflection in the 1.5-T static magnetic field. Only minimal artifacts were produced during MR imaging with a fast spoiled GRASS (gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state) pulse sequence. The largest temperature changes measured during a “worst case” MR imaging sequence (estimated average specific absorption rate, 2.5 W/kg; estimated spatial peak specific absorption rate, 7.6 W/kg) were +0.2°C with the implant imaged “in air” and +0.3°C with the implant imaged in normal saline. Therefore, MR procedures performed with a 1.5-T (64-MHz) MR system may be performed safely in patients with any of the 13 different heart valve prostheses evaluated in this study. 相似文献
4.
C. L. G. Ham J. M. L. Engels G. T. van de Wiel A. Machielsen 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》1997,7(5):933-937
The application of high gradient amplitudes and switching rates for MRI and spectroscopy, resulting in short rise times for the gradient field and high changes of the magnetic flux density in the patient, is known to possibly evoke peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) in patients. These effects have been studied on 20 volunteers under different experimental circumstances. The results of these measurements are partially in line with earlier findings reported in the literature. New information is found for the dependence of the PNS threshold level as a function of the rise time of the gradient waveform. The PNS threshold level, expressed in terms of dB/dt, is found to be proportional with t?05, where t is the switch time for the gradients. Indications are found that |B|, the modulus of the gradient vector field, is more closely related to the PNS threshold level than Bz, the imaging component of the gradient field. From the experiments, it is furthermore concluded that only for the imaging protocols characterized by the application of long bipolar repetitive gradient pulse trains, such as echo-planar imaging, PNS is expected at the reported threshold levels. For the protocols based on spin echo, turbo spin echo, inversion recovery, fast field echo, etc., characterized by shorter gradient pulse trains, the threshold levels are expected to be much higher. 相似文献
5.
他克莫司和吡美莫司是新型钙调磷酸酶抑制剂药物,其外用制剂可用于治疗特应性皮炎。近年来,对这两种药物的安全性存有争议。现有的资料表明,外用他克莫司和吡美莫司安全性高,不引起皮肤萎缩,经皮吸收极少,无明显的系统免疫抑制作用,不会引起皮肤或系统的感染和肿瘤的发病率升高。 相似文献
6.
Safety evaluation of surgical materials by cytotoxicity testing 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
The cytotoxicity of three kinds of commercially available absorbable hemostats [oxidized cellulose (Surgicel, gauze and cotton
types), microfibrillar collagen (Avitene), and cotton-type collagen (Integran)] and one adhesion barrier [sodium hyaluronate
and carboxymethyl-cellulose membrane (Seprafilm)] were comparatively assessed by a colony assay using V79 cells and a minimum
essential medium (MEM) elution assay in combination with a neutral red assay using L929 cells. Strong cytotoxicity was detected
for Surgicel by both the MEM elution assay and the colony assay. For Avitene, both methods revealed weak cytotoxicity. For
Seprafilm, no cytotoxicity was detected by the MEM elution assay, while a moderate degree of cytotoxicity was observed in
the colony assay. For Integran cytotoxicity was not detected by either the MEM elution or the colony assay. The results of
the different methods showed some inconsistency in terms of the degree of cytotoxicity of the materials. It is proposed that
the combination of two or more sensitive cytotoxicity testing methods for the evaluation of biomaterials is necessary to avoid
false-negative results for biomaterials at the preclinical stage. Furthermore, investigation of the correlation between the
cytotoxicity and the extraction period of the surgical materials is helpful for predicting the effect of prolonged in vivo
use of biomaterials on surrounding cells, tissues, and organs. 相似文献
7.
上海社区老年人用药安全及影响因素分析 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
目的:了解上海社区老年人群的用药安全情况及其影响因素,方法:以整群抽样的方法抽取上海市黄浦区两个居民委员会2985名60岁以上的居民进行问卷调查,了解其疾病和用药情况,用药反应,对安全用药的知识,态度,行为,以及影响其用药行为的因素,结果:被调查中高血压、冠心病、消化系统疾病和呼吸系统疾病的患病率分别为35.93%、10.67%、5.70%和3.71%。抗高血压药,心脑血管病药,消化系统疾病和呼吸系统疾病的患病率分别为35.93%、10.67%、5.70%和3.71%,抗高血压药、心脑血管病药,消化系统药和抗生素的使用率分别为31.72%、16.20%、2.43%和2.11%,过去30天内,51.33%的被调查用过药物,用药不良反应发生率为2.06%,对用药安全的正确知识,态度,行为率分别为71.62%、69.39%及60.67%,影响药物选择的因素中医生占88.19%,结论:老年人的用药安全仍存在问题,有待改进,医生是影响老年人药选择的最主要因素。 相似文献
8.
K. E. Tomaszewski 《Comparative Haematology International》1993,3(2):67-70
The pharmaceutical industry performs safety studies in animals to underwrite administration of new chemical entities to man. Early clinical evaluation of drugs in volunteers is performed, generally, using highdose acute studies in rodents and 1-month repeat dose studies in one rodent species and one non-rodent species as a basis for risk assessment. Results from the 1-month toxicology studies enable a ceiling for initial clinical doses to be set and give some indication of the major target organs for toxicity. Extrapolation of these results to man helps determine the preliminary safety endpoints, including clinical chemistry parameters, for use in early clinical studies in man.Originally presented at ECCP 93. 相似文献
9.
I. O. Skalpe J. F. Bonneville P. Grane C. Gyldenstedt B. Otto D. T. Kristoffersen M. G. Svaland 《European radiology》1998,8(6):1054-1057
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the radiographic efficacy and safety of iodixanol (Visipaque; 270 and
320 mg I/ml) and iohexol (Omnipaque; 300 mg I/ml) in myelography. The study was randomized, double-blind and comparative including
398 patients from five European university clinics. The radiographic visualisation was evaluated as poor, good or excellent.
Adverse events were recorded by interviewing the patients after the myelography, and each patient was given a questionnaire
to be returned after 1 week. In cervical myelography with cervical puncture more films with excellent quality was obtained
after iodixanol 320 mgI/ml compared with iohexol 300 mgI/ml (p = 0.009). Also in lumbar myelography iodixanol 320 mgI/ml compared favourably with iohexol 300 mgI/ml (p = 0.006). The most frequent adverse event was headache, which occurred in 5–35 % of patients during the first 24 h and in
19–61 % within the first 7 days, depending on the centre. There was no difference in frequency and severity of the adverse
effects between the contrast media.
Received 13 March 1997; Revision received 29 December 1997; Accepted 5 January 1997 相似文献
10.
Jack A. Friedland M.D. William M. Jacobsen M.D. Sarvam TerKonda M.D. 《Aesthetic plastic surgery》1996,20(6):453-462
Surgical rejuvenation of the upper face involves the correction of excess and lax forehead, eyelid, and periorbital skin. Improving the appearance by correcting the effects of aging involves a combination of blepharoplasty and open coronal foreheadplasty. Many surgeons and several reports question the safety of both procedures being performed concomitantly. The difficulty arises in precisely balancing the skin excision from the frontal forehead and upper eyelid areas. Over-resection of skin may result in incomplete closure of the eyelid and dry-eye syndrome, while an inadequate resection may produce a poor aesthetic result. There is no large series that documents the safety and effectiveness of these two procedures being performed concomitantly. Furthermore, with the recent and rapid development of complex multiplanar endoscopic facial rejuvenation techniques, the basic open forehead-plasty has become increasingly overlooked as a legitimate, efficacious technique for rejuvenation of the upper face. The technique utilized in this series is presented in detail. The consistently excellent results obtained satisfy the aesthetic goals of patients as well as the goals of surgeons, and suggest a renewed interest in the technique based upon its simplicity and easily reproducible results. 相似文献