Isolation and identification of chondroitin sulfates from the mud snail

Chondroitin sulfates were isolated from the mud snail. For the quantitative analysis of enzymatic digestion products of isolated chondroitin sulfates, strong anion exchange-high performance liquid chromatography (SAX-HPLC) was performed. By the action of chondroitinase ABC, three unsaturated disaccharides 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-D-galactose (ΔDi-OS), 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-D-galactose (ΔDi-6S) and 2-acetamide-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose (ΔDi-4S) were produced from the mud snail chondroitin sulfates. The analysis showed that relative proportion of ΔDi-OS/ΔDi-6S/ΔDi-4S was 58.7/3.1/38.2. The immunomodulating activity of chondroitin sulfate was examined by cell proliferation assay and these results suggest that it might be a immunosuppressant.     

蜗牛卵液对小鼠S_(180)肉瘤的抑制作用

[目的 ]探讨蜗牛卵液对小鼠S180 肉瘤的抑制作用 .[方法 ]按标准方法给 4 0只小鼠接种S180肉瘤细胞后 ,随机分成 4个组 ,即对照组 :每日灌胃生理盐水 10mL/kg ;实验 1组 :每日灌胃蜗牛卵液1 5 g/kg ;实验 2组 :每日灌胃蜗牛卵液 3 0 g/kg ;实验 3组 :每日灌胃蜗牛卵液 3 8g/kg ;连续 8d后 ,观察肿瘤质量变化及胸腺 (脾脏 )指数 .[结果 ]每日 1 5 ,3 0 ,3 8g/kg的蜗牛卵液对小鼠S180 肉瘤的生长抑制率分别为 38 2 % ,4 0 5 % ,5 4 4 % ,实验 3组的肿瘤抑制率高于对照组 ,两组间有显著性差异 ;实验2组和实验 3组的胸腺 (脾脏 )指数低于对照组 ,与对照组相比较亦有显著性差异 .[结论 ]蜗牛卵液对小鼠S180 肉瘤有抑制作用 .     

不同地区钉螺对日本血吸虫易感性的实验研究

目的 观察不同地区钉螺对云南大理日本血吸虫的易感性，为今后教学科研所需尾蚴提供依据。方法 采自国内3省的钉螺以钉螺与钉螺40：1的比例进行群体感染，观察3省钉螺对大理地区日本血吸虫的易感性。结果 在相同条件下，不同地区钉螺对云南大理日本血吸虫易感性不同，湖北、安徽、云南的感染率分别为42．0％、28．6％9．5％，各地钉螺差异有显著性。结论 3省钉螺对云南血吸虫的感染率以湖北最高，云南最低。     

夹竹桃水提物灭螺活性研究

目的 研究夹竹桃水提物的灭螺活性。方法 测试水提物作用后钉螺的死亡率,用直线回归法进行量效和时效分析。结果 夹竹桃水提物灭螺的量效和时效关系分别为Y＝95．4378D－21．2478和Y＝21．32T－3．96,pH从5．5到8．5的范围内其活性随pH上升略有下降,室内贮存1年及100℃加热2h其活性基本不变。结论 夹竹桃水提物具有很强的灭螺活性。     

“Does Pakistan still have polio cases?”: Exploring discussions on polio and polio vaccine in online news comments in Pakistan

IntroductionPolio, which is caused by poliovirus, is a contagious, potentially crippling, and deadly disease. Pakistan is one of the countries in which polio is still endemic in the 21st century. In 2019, 146 polio cases were reported across the country with some resulting in deaths. Following the spread of rumors insinuating that children were falling sick after receiving an anti-polio vaccine, a mob attacked and set fire to a small hospital in the Peshawar district in April 2019. The present study investigates readers’ discussions that emerged from Dawn’s online readers’ comments on polio-related news stories in Pakistan.MethodsUsing thematic analysis, we analyzed (N = 2216) comments made by readers in the polio-related news stories published on Dawn.com from January 1, 2012, to March 1, 2020.ResultsSeven major themes emerged from the analysis of the comments: 1) reasons for and challenges resulting in the failure to eradicate polio; 2) proposed solutions and policy changes to eradicate polio; 3) misinformation; 4) criticism, frustration, and shame; 5) comparison of Pakistan to other countries; 6) the internet as a public sphere; 7) suffering, empathy, and appreciation. Overall, our findings suggested that commenters are knowledgeable about polio vaccines and consider polio a serious threat to public health in Pakistan.ConclusionOur study not only validated previous study findings such as reasons, challenges, and issues related to polio vaccination, but also found new challenges in online news sites concerning misinformation on polio and polio vaccination in Pakistan.     

荣宝现场杀钉螺远期效果观察

目的 观察荣宝施药后1～210 d的杀螺效果.方法 用荣宝粉剂喷洒和喷粉法杀灭现场的钉螺,观察施药后1、3、7、15、38、150、180 d和210 d的钉螺死亡率.结果 荣宝喷粉组30 g/m2和50 g/m2灭螺后1～210 d的钉螺校正死亡率均高于荣宝喷洒组和氯硝柳胺(除施药后3 d氯硝柳胺组钉螺校正死亡率86.3%)对照组.荣宝(30 g/m2).喷洒组3 d和7 d钉螺死亡率低于氯硝柳胺对照组(χ2=49.18,P＜0.001);但施药后15～210 d的活螺密度下降率(82.93%～93.00%)均高于氯硝柳胺对照组.结论 荣宝近期和远期的灭螺效果较好.     

幽门螺杆菌根除方案DUE评价模式的建立与应用

目的：建立本院幽门螺杆菌根除方案的药物利用评价（Drug use evaluation,DUE）标准,为合理治疗幽门螺杆菌提供依据。方法：根据建立的幽门螺杆菌（Hp）根除治疗方案的DUE标准,采用回顾性方法,对本院2019年1月～12月行Hp检测的患者,从用药指征、用药过程、用药结果进行评价与分析。结果：用药指征合理率为99.8%;用药过程中有73.9%的药物方案选择合理,用法用量合理率为78.0%,治疗疗程合理率为98.3%;用药结果合理率为12.8%。结论：依照所建立的Hp根除方案的药物利用评价标准,并对本院Hp根除治疗方案进行评估,可发现治疗过程中的缺陷,为规范幽门螺旋杆菌的药物治疗提供参考。