茶氨酸对脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的观察茶氨酸对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,为临床脑缺血再灌注损伤的预防和治疗提供实验依据。方法将24只健康家兔随机分为四组：假手术组、脑缺血组、茶氨酸予处理组和茶氨酸治疗组。麻醉后分离血管,采用基底动脉、双侧颈总动脉结扎法制备急性全脑缺血再灌注动物模型。假手术组仅分离动脉不结扎,予处理组在缺血前应用茶氨酸,治疗组在缺血后应用茶氨酸,缺血组不作特殊药物处理。各组分别在规定时间点即缺血前、再灌注后30min、1h、2h采血测定神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)含量,取脑组织活检观察超微结构,处死动物测定脑含水量。结果茶氨酸予处理组和治疗组以上各项指标均较脑缺血组有显著的改善,提示茶氨酸具有神经保护作用。实验还显示茶氨酸予处理组在再灌注30min时NSE含量与假手术组比较无差异,提示用茶氨酸予处理后可能使缺血后脑损害的发生延迟,为进一步的治疗争取了宝贵时间。结论茶氨酸对脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,值得进一步研究。     

GM1 ganglioside treatment protects against long-term neurotoxic effects of neonatal X-irradiation on cerebellar cortex cytoarchitecture and motor function

Exposure of neonatal rats to a 5 Gy dose of X-irradiation induces permanent abnormalities in cerebellar cortex cytoarchitecture (disarrangement of Purkinje cells, reduction of thickness of granular cortex) and neurochemistry (late increase in noradrenaline levels), and motor function (ataxic gait). The neuroprotective effects of gangliosides have been demonstrated using a variety of CNS injuries, including mechanical, electrolytic, neurotoxic, ischemic, and surgical lesions. Here, we evaluated whether systemically administered GM1 ganglioside protects against the long-term CNS abnormalities induced by a single exposure to ionizing radiation in the early post-natal period. Thus, neonatal rats were exposed to 5 Gy X-irradiation, and subcutaneously injected with one dose (30 mg/kg weight) of GM1 on h after exposure followed by three daily doses. Both at post-natal days 30 and 90, gait and cerebellar cytoarchitecture in X-irradiated rats were significantly impaired when compared to age-matched controls. By contrast, both at post-natal days 30 and 90, gait in X-irradiated rats that were treated with GM1 was not significantly different from that in non-irradiated animals. Furthermore, at post-natal day 90, cerebellar cytoarchitecture was still well preserved in GM1-treated, X-irradiated animals. GM1 failed to modify the radiation-induced increase in cerebellar noradrenaline levels. Present data indicate that exogenous GM1, repeatedly administered after neonatal X-irradiation, produces a long-term radioprotection, demonstrated at both cytoarchitectural and motor levels.     

马尾松松针提取物调节JNK3/caspase-3信号转导减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注后氧化应激损伤

目的：探讨马尾松松针提取物（PNE）对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后氧化应激损伤的保护作用。方法：将SD雄性大鼠随机分为手术对照组、模型对照组、依达拉奉组、PNE小剂量组（200 mg/kg）、PNE中剂量组（400 mg/kg）、PNE大剂量组（800 mg/kg）,于造模前连续7 d及造模后6 h分别灌胃给药。其中,手术对照组和模型对照组灌胃给予等渗氯化钠溶液,依达拉奉组灌胃给予等渗氯化钠溶液的同时腹腔注射依达拉奉3 mg/kg,PNE各组灌胃给予各剂量PNE。通过大脑中动脉阻塞法建立脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型,于再灌注24 h后测定各组大鼠神经功能缺损评分、脑组织含水量、脑梗死体积。采用苏木素-伊红染色观察大脑皮层及海马组织结构病理变化并统计正常神经细胞数;TUNEL法检测大脑皮层神经细胞凋亡率;试剂盒检测缺血侧脑组织一氧化氮、丙二醛含量与超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性;蛋白质印迹法检测大脑皮层c-Jun氨基末端激酶（JNK）3、磷酸化JNK3、B淋巴细胞瘤蛋白（Bcl）-2、Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）、细胞色素C、胱天蛋白酶（caspase）-3的蛋白表达水平。结果：与模型对照组比较,PN...     

Effects of Different Over – the - Counter Whitening Products on the Microhardness,Surface Roughness,Color and Shear Bond Strength of Enamel

ObjectiveThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of four over-the-counter (OTC) whitening products on the microhardness, surface roughness, color, shear bond strength (SBS) and surface charecteristics of human enamel compared with a product used for dentist-supervised home whitening.Materials and methodsSeventy eight enamel specimens allocated into 6 groups (n=13): 1-Opalescence PF 10% (OP) dentist prescribed home whitening product, 2-Opalescence Go prefilled tray (PT), 3-Opalescence Whitening Toothpaste (WT), 4-Listerine Healthy White whitening mouth rinse (WMR), 5-Cavex Bite&White whitening pen (WP) and 6- no treatment (Con). The microhardness (VHN), surface roughness (Ra) and color of the specimens were measured (T₀). The specimens were then subjected to whitening protocols for 14 days (T₁.) followed by artificial saliva storage for 14 days (T₂). The measurements were repeated at T₁ and T₂. The SBS test was done after the application of 35% phosphoric acid (Scotchbond Universal Etchant), followed by a universal adhesive (G-Premio Bond) and a micro hybrid/universal resin composite (Essentia) into a Teflon tube attached to the enamel surface (p<0.05). Surface morphologies of the enamel surfaces were examined by SEM. p value was set at 0.05ResultsApplication of OP, PT and WP decrased the microhardness of enamel specimens (p<0.05) whereas, no significant changes were seen in the microhardness of enamel specimens treated with WT and WMR (p>0.05). Ra values of enamel specimens increased with the application of OP, PT and WT (p<0.05); whereas no changes were observed after the applications of WMR and WP (p>0.05). OP, PT, WMR, and WP changed the color of the enamel(p<0.05). There were not any significant differences among the SBSs groups, apart from OP applied enamel specimens. OP showed the least SBS values (p=0.001). SEM observations revealed smooth enamel surfaces.ConclusionsThe whitening products affected the microhardness, surface roughness, color of enamel differently. Only OP decreased the SBS of the enamel.     

我院抗骨质疏松药物应用情况分析

目的：通过对比分析我院抗骨质疏松（OP）药物在老年病门诊患者及全院的应用数据,为临床用药提供参考。方法：采用抗菌药物的用药频度（DDDs）、用药金额排序、限定日费用等药物经济学参数,对我院2010-2011年老年病门诊患者和全院抗OP药物处方进行回顾性分析。结果：与2010年比较,2011年抗OP药物总消费金额增长幅度（62.37%）远大于其他药品（7.90%）,双膦酸盐类药物和钙制剂临床用药量较为平稳,但所占份额均有所下降,维生素D及活性代谢物和降钙素类药物应用量增幅较为突出;老年病门诊患者抗OP用药消耗金额与DDDs数据同步性较好,患者治疗费用更合理,而全院消耗金额与DDDs数据同步性较差;全院及老年病门诊双膦酸盐类药物和活性维生素D类的DDDs及销售金额均最高;阿法骨化醇DDDs明显大于骨化三醇,患者长期应用过程中更具有药物经济学比较优势,有助于提高患者用药依从性。结论：抗OP药物的药物经济学分析和用药趋势调查,应针对临床实际,在进行相关疾病治疗药物分析时采集专业科室的数据更能反映其临床应用的合理性。     

妊娠期糖尿病用药的安全性和有效性评价

为妊娠期糖尿病患者提供合理的用药指导是临床药师的重要工作。笔者通过文献查阅和总结．对胰岛素和口服降糖药分别进行了阐述．以探讨治疗妊娠期糖尿病药物的有效性和安全性。胰岛素比口服降糖药更适用于妊娠期糖尿病。     

急性肺栓塞患者BNP、CTnI、D-dimer水平改变及其临床意义

【目的】探讨检测急性肺栓塞患者的血浆脑钠肽（BNP）、肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）及D‐二聚体（D‐dimer）水平变化的临床意义。【方法】选择本院2009年1月至2013年12月收治的急性肺栓塞患者64例,根据患者病情分为大面积肺栓塞组（ n ＝27）和非大面积肺栓塞组（ n ＝37）,对两组患者血浆cTnI、BNP及D‐dimer水平进行测定,观察比较两组患者各指标水平的变化及右心功能和病死率。【结果】大面积肺栓塞组BN P、血浆cTnI水平明显高于非大面积肺栓塞组,两组比较差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05）;两组D‐dimer浓度比较差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）;大面积肺栓塞组的右心功能不全者和病死率均高于非大面积肺栓塞组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。【结论】检测BNP、cTnI及D‐dimer水平对APE患者临床诊断、临床决策及预后判断具有重要的临床意义。     

骨科病区抗菌药物使用调查及分析

目的了解骨科患者抗菌药物的应用情况,指导抗菌药物的合理应用。方法随机抽取2009年6-8月489例骨科住院患者病历,对抗菌药物使用品种、用药频度、联合用药、使用方法等进行统计分析。结果在489例病历中有462例使用了抗菌药,用于预防感染334例（72.29%）,用于治疗128例（27.71%）;单一用药234例（50.65%）,二联用药165例（35.71%）,三联用药44例（9.52%）。其中24例做了药敏实验（5.19%）。结论应加强抗菌药物的应用管理,规范临床用药。     

褪黑素对急性脊髓损伤大鼠血清及脊髓内神经生长因子表达的影响

目的研究褪黑素（MT）对脊髓损伤大鼠血清及脊髓内神经生长因子（NGF）表达水平的影响。方法84只健康成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为模型对照组（n=36）、模型MT组（n=36）及假手术组（n=12）。建立脊髓损伤模型后,模型对照组给予无水乙醇,模型MT组给予MT,均为腹腔注射。对比术后12h、3、5d大鼠血清及脊髓组织中NGF的表达及Tarlov评分。结果术后12h模型对照组及模型MT组Tarlov评分显著低于假手术组（P〈0．05）。模型MT组TarlOV评分稍高于模型对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后3、5d模型MT组Tarlov评分均显著高于模型对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。术后12h、3、5d模型对照组和模型MT组血清NGF水平、脊髓组织NGF蛋白及NGFmRNA水平均较假手术组显著上升,模型MT组则显著高于模型对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论MT通过调高脊髓损伤大鼠体内NGF的表达起到减轻神经细胞损伤、促进神经细胞再生和神经功能恢复作用。     

中药雷丸注射液抗小白鼠S_(180)后瘤块的组织学观察

本文报道了中药雷丸注射液抗小白鼠S_(180)后瘤块的组织学观察。肉眼观察治疗组小鼠的瘤块明显变小;瘤块重量明显减轻,计算其肿瘤生长抑制率为85.2～88%,对照组与治疗组之间有高度显著性差异(P<0.01)。瘤决H.E染色连续切片的光镜观察,有的看不到S_(180)细胞,全部为白细胞巨噬细胞及多核巨细胞浸润,有的只见少量残余的S_(180)细胞小团或小索由大量的上述细胞浸润所包围。此外,可见上述细胞一系列退变解体的组织学改变,瘤块周围的结缔组织及毛细血管向其内增生,并见大量淋巴细胞浸润。