抗人C1—抑制物单链抗体的构建

由一株抗人Ｃ１－抑物单克隆抗体鼠杂交瘤细胞提取总ＲＮＡ，合成２对与免疫蛋白可变区ＦＲ１和ＦＲ４互补的通用引物，经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增出抗体的重链可变区和轻链可变区基因。     

猫爪草胶囊治疗婴儿接种卡介苗后腋窝淋巴结反应的临床观察

目的探讨猫爪草胶囊治疗婴儿接种卡介苗后腋窝淋巴结反应的疗效。方法将80例患儿随机分为两组,对照组常规应用异烟肼抗结核治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用猫爪草胶囊。结果治疗组的临床治愈例数明显高于对照组,治疗2个月治疗组和对照组的治愈率分别达72.5%和40.0%,两组比较,差异有非常显著性(χ2=8.58,P<0.01),治疗组疗程亦明显缩短。结论猫爪草加用异烟肼治疗婴儿接种卡介苗后腋窝淋巴结反应,有明显缩短疗程、提高疗效的作用,且没有毒副作用。     

Assessment of DNA damage in germ cells of male rabbits treated with isoniazid and procarbazine.

The 2 hydrazine derivatives isoniazid (INH) and procarbazine hydrochloride (P) were injected intravenously into rabbits. Radioactive thymidine was injected into both testicles. Rabbits were ejaculated repeatedly, sperms were counted and incorporation of [3H] thymidine into sperm head DNA was determined by liquid scintillation counting. In P-treated rabbits (5 and 50 mg/kg) radioactivity was significantly increased in sperms that were in late phases of spermatocyte and early phases of spermatid maturation at the time of treatment. This indicates that DNA repair synthesis, (unscheduled DNA synthesis, UDS) occurred following drug-induced DNA damage in these germ cells. Normal DNA synthesis in spermatogonia was inhibited by the high dose only. INH (50 and 125 mg/kg) did not cause UDS in spermatocytes and spermatids and did not affect normal DNA synthesis in spermatogonia. The results are in agreement with literature data indicating that P is a potent mutagen and carcinogen. INH, on the other hand, has weak mutagenic and carcinogenic activities that are most apparent in mice.     

Prospective randomised trial of isoniazid prophylaxis in renal transplant recipient

Renal transplantation (RT) recipients are at a high risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) following transplantation. Effectiveness of isoniazid (INH) in preventing TB is well documented in immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised persons. There is paucity of data on role of INH prophylaxis in RT recipients. Thus, a prospective randomised trial of INH in RT recipients was carried out to determine the efficacy of daily INH monotherapy in the prevention of TB in these patients. Patients of end stage renal disease (ESRD) taken for RT formed the subjects of study. Patients with active TB and active hepatitis at the time of RT were excluded from the study. Patients were randomised to receive INH 300 mg with pyridoxine 20 mg daily from the day of RT. The duration of the treatment was planned for 1 year or till the development of TB, which ever was earlier. Between October 1998 and September 2000, 114 RT were done at our hospital. Of these, 24 (21%) patients had active TB at the time of RT and thus were excluded. Patients included were randomised with 1:2 ratio of treatment and control group. Of the 90 patients thus enrolled, 30 were randomised in treatment group and 60 in control group. Of the included patients five patients had very early graft loss (three in treatment and two in control group) within days and thus excluded from the analysis. Three of the 27 (11.1%) patients in treatment group and 15 (25.8%) in control group developed TB (P = 0.10). The risk ratio of (RR) of INH versus control group of TB was 0.36 (95% CI, 0.10–1.32) but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.12). Only one patient developed INH induced hepatitis. In conclusion, with INH prophylaxis, there was a trend towards protection from TB, though it was not statistically significant. Further, all patients tolerated INH and hepatotoxicity was not a major problem in this group of patients.     

Cost-effectiveness of interferon-gamma release assay screening for latent tuberculosis infection treatment in Germany

OBJECTIVES: To assess the cost-effectiveness of the new QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-G) [Cellestis; Carnegie, VIC, Australia] assay for screening and treating of persons who have had close contact with tuberculosis (TB) patients and are suspected of having latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) [hereafter called close-contacts] in Germany. METHODS: The health and economic outcomes of isoniazid treatment of 20-year-old close-contacts were compared in a Markov model over a period of 20 years, using two different cutoff values for the tuberculin skin test (TST), the QFT-G assay alone, or the QFT-G assay as a confirmatory test for the TST results. RESULTS: QFT-G assay-based treatment led to cost savings of $542.9 and 3.8 life-days gained per LTBI case. TST-based treatment at a 10-mm induration size cutoff gained $177.4 and 2.0 life-days gained per test-positive contact. When the cutoff induration size for the TST was reduced to 5 mm, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio fell below the willingness-to-pay threshold ($30,170 per life-years gained) but resulted in unnecessary treatment of 77% of contacts owing to false-positive TST results. Combination with the 5-mm induration size TST cutoff value compared to the results of the QFT-G assay alone reduced the total costs per 1,000 contacts by 1.8% to $222,869. The number treated to prevent 1 TB case was 22 for the two QFT-G assay-based procedures, 40 for the TST at a cutoff induration size of 10 mm, and 96 for the TST at a cutoff induration size of 5 mm. When the sensitivity rates of the TST and the QFT-G assay were compounded, the QFT-G assay strategy alone was slightly less costly (0.6%) than the two-step approach. CONCLUSIONS: Using the QFT-G assay, but especially combining the QFT-G assay following the TST screening of close-contacts at a cutoff induration size of 5 mm before LTBI treatment is highly cost-effective in reducing the disease burden of TB.     

用体外器官培养方法研究EDCs对新生小鼠睾丸的影响

目的 通过已建立的小鼠睾丸体外培养系统,研究四种内分泌干扰物(Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals,EDCs)对男性内分泌系统的影响.方法 将新生小鼠的睾丸组织在体外环境中培养24 h,而后在培养基中分别加入浓度为0.1μM,1μM,10 μM and 100 μM的四种(DEHP、MEHP、N...     

Relationship between N-Acetyltransferase (NAT) Activity and Liver Protoporphyrin Level in Experimental Porphyria

The results of our previous studies demonstrated that isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) can aggravate griseofulvin (GF)-induced protoporphyria in mice. To elucidate this phenomenon, we studied the relationship between liver protoporphyrin (PP) levels and N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity, which is known to be a major catabolic enzyme of INH metabolism in the liver. The results revealed a significant correlation between liver PP levels and NAT activity in the mice fed 0.1% GF and 0.05% INH. In this group, mice with high NAT activity developed severe protoporphyria. There was no correlation, however, between liver PP levels and NAT activity in the mice fed GF alone or INH alone. The result suggested that INH metabolites formed by NAT enhance the hepatotoxicity of GF in mice.     

Chelation in metal intoxication IX. Influence of amino and thiol chelators on excretion of manganese in poisoned rabbits

The effect of two polyamino-polycarboxylic acids, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine triacetic acid (HEDTA) and diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) and two thiol-chelating agents, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC). and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMS) on the excretion of manganese (Mn) in rabbits given Mn i.p. was studied in order to investigate the affinity of this metal to N,O and S-containing compounds. HEDTA and DTPA were effective, and DDC and DMS were ineffective, in enhancing urinary and faecal excretions of Mn, indicating a greater binding capacity of Mn with chelators having N and O, than with those having S as electron donating centres.