The Phytotoxicity of Various Graminicides in Durum Wheat in Greece

The effect of three herbicides, diclofop-methyl (DM), imazamethabenz-methyl (IM) and fenoxaprop-ethyl (FE), was investigated at the recommended rate (×) and double the recommended rate (2×) in a durum wheat crop. FE had the smallest effect on root system characteristics, while IM had the greatest effect. For all herbicides, the double rate treatment gave a greater statistical reduction than the single rate for root system characteristics. FE had the smallest effect on the activity of aerobic microorganisms, while DM gave the greatest reduction, 10 days after application, and all three herbicides reduced earthworm abundance. DM gave the smallest reduction in the number of tillers and in plant height, while the double rate of IM gave the greatest reduction. For all three herbicides, double the recommended rate resulted in a significant reduction in the weight of 1000 seeds, while no statistically significant deviations were noted at the recommended rate. Finally, the use of all three herbicides resulted in significantly lower statistical yields compared to the sample (control plot), although there were no significant statistical differences among them, for either recommended or double recommended rates.     

The Effect of Detopping the Field Bean Plants (Vicia faba L. minor) and Lack of the Pod Setting on the Symbiosis with Root Nodule Bacteria

The plants of field bean var. Nadwiślaνski were detopped after about 1 month since the beginning of flowering and after that all flower buds were removed from some plants. The effect of a change in the trophic balance on the setting and subsequent growth of root nodules was studied.
The removal of pods had the greater effect on the increase in the weight of the remaining organs than the detopping of plants. Detopping retarded the ageing of the plants and delayed the phase of the greatest reduction of the number of pods. The detopping of plants revealed their considerable compensative possibilities in terms of production of the pod weight and the potential of leaves for biomass production. The data obtained indicate that plant detopping may disturb the root–bacteria exchange of signals, necessary to initiate the nodule development, while the further growth of nodules depends, above all, on the amount of available photosynthates.
A very high correlation between the dry weight of the whole plant to the dry weight of leaves ratio and the weight of nodules was observed. It proves the importance of the trophic balance of the plant for the root nodule weight production.     

Seasonal pattern of shoot emergence and its endogenous control in horsenettle (Solanum carolinense L.)

Controlling established horsenettle plants is achieved by suppressing shoot emergence from root systems. The seasonal pattern of shoot emergence and its possible endogenous control in horsenettle ( Solanum carolinense L.) were investigated. The shoot emergence period in an undisturbed population was limited to a seven-week period from mid-April, and a little longer in tilled conditions. Detached roots showed very high shoot-sprouting ability under 15–30°C throughout the year. In shoot clipping experiments, new shoots sprouted only from the stem and not from the root when attached to shoots, whether above-ground or underground. On the contrary, new shoots sprouted from the roots when all parts of the shoots were clipped off. From these results, the limited shoot emergence period in horsenettle is thought to be initiated by temperatures necessary for sprouting and is ended by a growth correlation effect between early emerged and matured shoots.     

大豆疫病的种子处理技术研究

本试验用不同浓度的瑞毒锰锌、杀毒矾和克露进行大豆种子处理试验，结果表明，５００ｐｐｍ瑞毒锰锌对大豆疫病具有很好的治疗作用，而用杀毒矾以种子重量０．４—０．５％的剂量闷种，能显著地抑制大豆疫霉菌的侵入     

矮化中间砧苹果施氮位置对细根分布、氮素吸收和产量品质的影响

为明确矮化中间砧苹果树合理的施肥位置,减少氮肥的浪费。试验于2018年和2019年,以‘烟富3’苹果/SH6/八棱海棠为试材,借助¹⁵N同位素示踪技术,研究了萌芽前在树冠投影范围距树干由近及远的3个水平距离——内环、中环和外环施氮对新梢旺长期细根和土壤¹⁵N分布、树体¹⁵N吸收以及果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明:各处理的苹果细根(直径≤2 mm)根长密度均在水平方向和垂直方向呈衰减规律,主要分布在距离树干水平方向0～100 cm、垂直方向0～40 cm土层范围;与不施肥(对照)相比,施氮增加了细根根长密度,以施氮区内细根根长密度增加最为显著;从垂直方向0～20 cm土层施氮区细根根长密度增加量来看,内环施氮处理增幅最大,为对照的1.33倍～1.36倍,其次是中环施氮处理。各处理土壤¹⁵N含量峰值在水平方向均出现在施氮区域,在垂直方向均出现在0～20 cm土层。不同处理间树体细根根长密度与土壤¹⁵N分布空间吻合度(RLD-¹⁵N)差异显著,内环施氮处理显著高...     

四种短体线虫的形态和分子生物学鉴定

采用形态学和分子生物学方法对来自荷兰的藏橐吾和铃兰、泰国的高山榕、缅甸的香蕉等种苗(球)分别鉴定出玻利维亚短体线虫Pratylenchus bolivianus、铃兰短体线虫P.convallariae、咖啡短体线虫P.coffeae和斯佩奇短体线虫P.speijeri。对这4种线虫的形态特征进行较为详细的描述后,认为头环、口针、侧区、生殖系统和尾形等形态特征是种类鉴定的重要依据;进一步利用引物28S-D2A/28S-D3Br扩增测序得到上述4种线虫的28S rRNA基因D2/D3区序列,序列分析发现玻利维亚短体线虫从欧洲到美洲的不同种群之间的遗传距离变异较小,仅为0～0.007;铃兰短体线虫同一种群不同个体之间的遗传变异较大,为0.006～0.029;咖啡短体线虫不同种群之间的平均遗传距离为0.013;斯佩奇短体线虫不同种群之间的平均遗传距离为0.010;咖啡短体线虫P.coffeae和斯佩奇短体线虫P.speijeri亲缘关系很近,二者种间平均遗传距离仅为0.026。本研究再次证明线虫28S rRNA基因D2/D3区基因序列可作为短体线虫种间鉴定的依据。     

水培条件下钾对大蒜幼苗生长及根系活力的影响

以‘金乡白皮蒜’为试材,采用设施水培探讨了不同K+浓度对大蒜幼苗生长及根系活力的影响。结果表明:钾可显著增加大蒜幼苗生长量及根系活力;当营养液K+浓度为6.0mmol/L时,大蒜幼苗叶长、叶宽、假茎高、假茎粗、根长及根系活力最大,绿叶数及根系数最多,大蒜幼苗叶片、假茎、鳞茎及根系干、鲜重也最大,较不施钾处理干重分别增加133.91%、167.22%、146.31%和116.74%,鲜重分别提高168.34%2、43.18%、153.24%和128.78%。     

草莓根腐病病原菌分离与鉴定

为了有效防控草莓根腐病,采用组织分离法,对徐州地区草莓根腐病病原菌进行分离与鉴定,分离、纯化后获取了5个真菌菌株,经形态学与分子生物学碱基序列测定结果比对发现：CMGF-1是胶孢炭疽菌或其亚种,CMGF-2和CMGF-3是棒孢拟盘多毛孢或其亚种,CMGF-4和CMGF-5是串珠镰刀菌或其亚种。黑根根腐的致病菌主要是镰刀菌和拟盘多毛孢菌,而红中柱根腐的致病菌是胶孢炭疽菌。     

柠条枝条覆盖对宁夏荒漠草原土壤水热及补播牧草生物量的影响

干旱是影响宁夏东部沙化区荒漠草地退化的主要自然因素,也是天然草地补播成功率低的主要原因,该地区大面积种植的柠条是土壤覆盖保水的丰富资源,但是缺乏相关研究.选择平坦的、未生长柠条的退化天然补播草地作为研究对象,在临近有柠条生长的草地平茬其柠条枝条用于试验覆盖,研究不同柠条覆盖厚度(TSM0,覆盖0 cm;TSM1,覆盖1...     

间作对咖啡和澳洲坚果根系形态、分布及养分累积的影响

为探明澳洲坚果与咖啡间作对地上部生长及地下部互作效应,为生产推广复合高效栽培模式提供理论依据,布置了咖啡和澳洲坚果间作盆栽实验,以二者分别单作为对照,分析植株的生长量、生物量、养分含量、根系形态以及土壤养分的差异.结果表明:(1)间作咖啡和间作澳洲坚果根干重、茎干重、单株总干重分别为40.86、50.38、148.34...