Patterns of silver eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) sex ratio in a catchment

Abstract –  Changes in the numbers and size-class structure of European silver eels, Anguilla anguilla , in the River Frémur (France) were examined over a 9-year period after installation of downstream eel passes. The number of silver eels migrating downstream peaked in 1999, then decreased strongly and steadily after 2000, reaching relatively low levels. At the same time, a gradual shift in the silver eel sex ratio from a dominance of males (size from 270 to 442 mm, age from 3 to 6 years) to females (size from 366 to 1112 mm, age from 4 to 9 years) was recorded. Possible explanations for the escapement patterns observed are environmental sex determination and the installation of eel passes on the main hydraulic engineering structures in 1992 and 1996.     

瓜类蔬菜光合特性研究进展

综述了瓜类蔬菜光合特性的研究进展，总结了光照、温度、CO2浓度、水分、矿质营养、叶龄、叶住及嫁接等因素对光合作用的影响，并提出了今后的研究方向。     

粪臭素在家畜养殖中的危害

粪臭素是L-色氨酸的细菌降解产物，是引起反刍动物急性肺水肿和肺气肿(ABPE)的主要物质，同时也是产生猪肉异臭味的主要物质，严重危害家畜养殖。本文综述了粪臭素的理化性质及合成途径、在家畜中的作用机理、影响粪臭素的因素及降低家畜体内粪臭素的方法等内容。     

Effects of straw and silicon soil amendments on some foliar and stem-base diseases in pot-grown winter wheat

Four foliar and two stem-base pathogens were inoculated onto wheat plants grown in different substrates in pot experiments. Soils from four different UK locations were each treated in three ways: (i) straw incorporated in the field at 10 t ha⁻¹ several months previously; (ii) silicon fertilization at 100 mg L⁻¹ during the experiment; and (iii) no amendments. A sand and vermiculite mix was used with and without silicon amendment. The silicon treatment increased plant silica concentrations in all experiments, but incorporating straw was not associated with raised plant silica concentrations. Blumeria graminis and Puccinia recondita were inoculated by shaking infected plants over the test plants, followed by suitable humid periods. The silicon treatment reduced powdery mildew ( B. graminis ) substantially in sand and vermiculite and in two of the soils, but there were no effects on the slight infection by brown rust ( P. recondita ). Phaeosphaeria nodorum and Mycosphaerella graminicola were inoculated as conidial suspensions. Leaf spot caused by P. nodorum was reduced in silicon-amended sand and vermiculite; soil was not tested. Symptoms of septoria leaf blotch caused by M. graminicola were reduced by silicon amendment in a severely infected sand and vermiculite experiment but not in soil or a slightly infected sand and vermiculite experiment. Oculimacula yallundae (eyespot) and Fusarium culmorum (brown foot rot) were inoculated as agar plugs on the stem base. Severity of O. yallundae was reduced by silicon amendment of two of the soils but not sand and vermiculite; brown foot rot symptoms caused by F. culmorum were unaffected by silicon amendment. The straw treatment reduced severity of powdery mildew but did not detectably affect the other pathogens. Both straw and silicon treatments appeared to increase plant resistance to all diseases only under high disease pressure.     

1992—2015年呼伦贝尔草原区不同草地类型分布时空变化遥感分析

【背景】呼伦贝尔草原作为我国温性草原的重要组成部分,其独特的地理位置、典型的生态及气候特点、代表性的生产方式决定其在草原畜牧业生产中的重要地位,同时也是我国北方的绿色生态屏障,发挥着生态缓冲区功能。草地作为重要的陆地生态系统之一,在农牧业生产、生态及环境保护、气候变化等方面具有重要的意义。【目的】明确不同草地类型的空间分布及变化规律,为草地研究及管理提供依据。【方法】以呼伦贝尔草原区不同草地及地物类型为研究对象,以1992年、2015年遥感影像为数据源,采用支持向量机、面对对象分类法获得研究区地物类型空间分布数据,以地统计方法分析时空变化特征,结合植物-生境学分类法划分地带性草地类型潜在分布、社会统计数据、地物类型转化过程分析气候变化、人类活动对草地类型分布的影响。【结果】研究区耕地、林地、沙地碱地、人工表面4种地物类型面积增加,草地、水体面积减少。草地作为研究区最大的覆盖类型,1992年、2015年分布面积为7 601 258 hm²、7 148 085 hm²,减少幅度5.96%。研究区分布典型草原、草甸草原、低地草甸、山地草甸及沼泽,前...     

Basic Technology and Recent Trends in Agricultural Formulation and Application Technology

Recent requirements of the pesticide industry have become much severer, and pesticides (formulated products) are required to satisfy higher safety to both human beings and the environment, higher biological efficacy, lower price, and labor-saving. This review explains the outline of basic pesticide formulation technology, followed by recent advances in developing new formulations and application technologies. Labor-saving formulations and application technologies, environmental load reduction technologies, and user-friendly formulations and application technologies are elucidated.     

锡林郭勒盟春季沙尘暴成因的气象因子分析

本文选取了锡林郭勒地区沙尘暴高发季节春季(3~5月)的大风日数、气温、相对湿度等气象因子,通过对当地气象因子的调查,采用基于因子分析的主成分提取方法,将气象因子分为3个主成分,并分析了各主成分的意义,通过对沙尘暴成因的各种气象因素所作的定量和定性分析,在沙尘暴的预报和监测中具有重要的实际意义。     

引江济淮工程菜子湖线有机磷农药分布特征及生态风险评价

选取引江济淮工程重要的输水线之一菜子湖线为研究区域,检测分析了12种有机磷农药(organophosphorus pesticides, OPPs)在沿线水和沉积物中的污染水平、分布特征及生态环境风险,以更好地评估引江济淮工程菜子湖线水域农药类环境激素的污染及生态风险情况。结果表明：水体中OPPs的总质量浓度为112.8～1 781.4 ng/L,主要以溴硫磷、三硫磷和灭线磷为主;沉积物中OPPs的总浓度范围为290.33～13 105.25 ng/g,主要以灭线磷、治螟磷和毒虫畏为主。相对于我国其他水域,引江济淮工程菜子湖线水和沉积物中OPPs的主要污染物类别差异较大。水体中OPPs生态风险评估结果表明,溴硫磷、三硫磷和毒虫畏在菜子湖线全域均表现出较高生态风险(RQ>1),C、D、H和K这4个站点OPPs风险较高(RQ>10 000),敌敌畏和治螟磷在大部分水域表现出中等(0.1相似文献   

Leaf stoichiometry of Leontopodium lentopodioides at high altitudes on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

Altitude affects leaf stoichiometry by regulating temperature and precipitation, and influencing soil properties in mountain ecosystems. Leaf carbon concentration(C), leaf nitrogen concentration(N),leaf phosphorous concentration(P), and their stoichiometric ratios of Leontopodium lentopodioides(Willd.)Beauv., a widespread species in degraded grasslands, were investigated to explore its response and adaptation strategy to environmental changes along four altitude gradients(2500, 3000, 3500, and 3...     

四川省不同地理环境下辣椒果实辣椒碱及VC含量差异

为分析四川不同地理、气候条件下辣椒果实内辣椒碱及VC含量差异,在成都平原和川南攀西高原按照当地种植习惯栽种2个线椒品种和1个牛角椒品种,果实成熟后,测定了果实内辣椒素、二氢辣椒素及VC含量。试验结果表明,攀枝花和西昌地区栽种的辣椒辣度显著低于成都和遂宁产的辣椒,但其VC含量显著高于后者;3个辣椒品种辣椒碱和VC含量受环境因素影响。